Terrorism: Effects, Recovery, PreventionCase Studies: TerrorismTokyo: The SettingMonday, March 20, 1995Emergency ResponseEffects On PolicySeptember 11th : BackgroundSeptember 11thSept. 11th AftermathResponse to Sept. 11thMadrid: BackgroundThe Blame GamePolitical FalloutEffects on Transportation PolicyMadrid: One Year LaterLondon: A Model for European Reaction?July 7thThe Madrid-London ConnectionTransit SafetyPowerPoint PresentationReaction vs. Prevention At what cost?“Yes I love Technology!”Preventative MeasuresTerrorism: Effects, Terrorism: Effects, Recovery, PreventionRecovery, PreventionDustin Maddy, HunWen Tao, Dustin Maddy, HunWen Tao, Colin WheelerColin WheelerCase Studies: Terrorism Case Studies: Terrorism Tokyo Sarin Gas Attacks Tokyo Sarin Gas Attacks 3/20/19953/20/1995September 11September 11thth Attack on the Attack on the U.S.U.S.Atocha Station Bombings in Atocha Station Bombings in Madrid 3/11/2004Madrid 3/11/2004London Underground Bombings London Underground Bombings 7/7/20057/7/2005Tokyo: The SettingTokyo: The SettingCity:City:-Densely populated-Densely populated-Transit oriented-Transit oriented-Low crime -Low crime Aum:Aum:Matsumoto incident Matsumoto incident June 27, 1994June 27, 1994Botulin toxin Botulin toxin attempts ’90, attempts ’90, ’93’93Monday, March 20, 1995Monday, March 20, 19957:30 – 8:00 a.m.7:30 – 8:00 a.m.5 men board 5 5 men board 5 trains with sarin trains with sarin and umbrellasand umbrellasEach man releases Each man releases sarin, meets sarin, meets getaway cargetaway car12 killed, 500 to 12 killed, 500 to 1000 hospitalized1000 hospitalizedEmergency ResponseEmergency ResponseSubway Authority Subway Authority kept trains kept trains runningrunningHospitals turned Hospitals turned victims awayvictims awayOne hour of One hour of emergency calls emergency calls before threat before threat understoodunderstoodEffects On PolicyEffects On PolicyChanges madeChanges made……in the U.S.in the U.S.Japan not worried Japan not worried – Asahara – Asahara caught, Aum caught, Aum Shinrikyo under Shinrikyo under heavy heavy surveillancesurveillanceSeptember 11September 11thth : Background : BackgroundHijacking: Not a Hijacking: Not a new conceptnew conceptHijacking was Hijacking was usually for usually for Escape or Escape or ExtortionExtortionAir Marshals:Air Marshals:•1987: ~4001987: ~400•2001: 332001: 33September 11thSeptember 11th19 Hijackers19 Hijackers4 Jetliners4 JetlinersSmall WeaponsSmall WeaponsAirplanes to Airplanes to Guided MissilesGuided MissilesLandmark TargetsLandmark Targets~3000 ~3000 Casualties, Casualties, mostly civiliansmostly civiliansSept. 11Sept. 11thth Aftermath Aftermath PanicPanicEconomic DeclineEconomic DeclineFlight BanFlight BanIncrease in Increase in SecuritySecurityResponse to Sept. 11thResponse to Sept. 11thTaliban in Taliban in AfghanistanAfghanistanPre-Emptive WarPre-Emptive WarIraq?Iraq?•PreventionPrevention•LiberationLiberation•OilOil4 years later, is 4 years later, is Air Travel safer? Air Travel safer? Does it need to Does it need to be?be?Madrid: BackgroundMadrid: BackgroundMarch 11, 2004 – As Spaniards are gearing March 11, 2004 – As Spaniards are gearing up for the Prime Ministerial election later up for the Prime Ministerial election later in the week, ten bombs explode on four in the week, ten bombs explode on four packed commuter trains at Madrid’s packed commuter trains at Madrid’s busiest station (Atocha) during morning busiest station (Atocha) during morning rush hour.rush hour.191 killed, 1,500 wounded.191 killed, 1,500 wounded.Police carry out three “controlled” Police carry out three “controlled” explosions.explosions.The Blame GameThe Blame GameImmediate response of Spanish Immediate response of Spanish government (Aznar) is to name ETA government (Aznar) is to name ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) as culprits of (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) as culprits of attacks. attacks. About 75 people, mainly Moroccan About 75 people, mainly Moroccan nationals arrested, 23 remain in custody.nationals arrested, 23 remain in custody.Spain names an Islamist extremist group, Spain names an Islamist extremist group, the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group as the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group as the main focus of the Madrid investigation.the main focus of the Madrid investigation.Attempted attack of the AVE followed on Attempted attack of the AVE followed on April 2April 2ndnd, but was unsuccessful., but was unsuccessful.Political FalloutPolitical FalloutSpain’s Socialist Party wins a surprise Spain’s Socialist Party wins a surprise victory in the country’s general election.victory in the country’s general election.Party leader, Jose Luis Zapatero, who had Party leader, Jose Luis Zapatero, who had previously condemned the war in Iraq now previously condemned the war in Iraq now threatens to pull Spanish troops out of the threatens to pull Spanish troops out of the country.country.April, 2004 – All troops in Iraq are April, 2004 – All troops in Iraq are withdrawn.withdrawn.Effects on Transportation PolicyEffects on Transportation PolicyShortly after the bombings, the EU created Shortly after the bombings, the EU created the post of counterterrorism coordinator to the post of counterterrorism coordinator to facilitate cooperation among European facilitate cooperation among European governments.governments.Proposals:Proposals:Fingerprint and DNA database and Fingerprint and DNA database and biometric passportsbiometric passportsCommon arrest warrantCommon arrest warrantMake extradition of suspects easierMake extradition of suspects easierIncreased use of cameras and security Increased use of cameras and security personnel personnel Higher rate of border trafficking (Spain)Higher rate of border trafficking (Spain)Madrid: One Year LaterMadrid: One Year LaterCommuter rates Commuter rates holding steady.holding steady.Few visible Few visible changes made in changes made in policy.policy.Did terrorism Did terrorism prevail? prevail? Reaction versus Reaction versus prevention prevention argument. Can it argument. Can it be stopped?be stopped?London: A Model for European London: A Model for European Reaction?Reaction?British Transport Police in conjunction British Transport Police in conjunction with parliament examine rail
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