Lower Manhattan Development Corporationand Port Authority of New York and New JerseyPreliminary Urban Design StudyFor the future of the World Trade Center siteand adjacent areasLower Manhattan Development CorporationGeorge E. Pataki Michael R. BloombergGovernor, State of New York Mayor, City of New YorkJohn C. WhiteheadChairman, Lower Manhattan Development CorporationLouis R. TomsonPresident, Lower Manhattan Development CorporationBoard of DirectorsRoland W. BettsPaul A. CrottyLewis M. EisenbergDick GrassoRobert M. HardingSally Hernandez-PineroThomas S. JohnsonEdward J. MalloyE. Stanley O’NealBillie TsienCarl WeisbrodMadelyn WilsHoward WilsonDeborah C. WrightFrank G. ZarbPort Authority of New York and New JerseyGeorge E. Pataki James E. McGreeveyGovernor, State of New York Governor, State of New JerseyJack G. SinagraChairman, Port Authority of New York and New JerseyJoseph J. SeymourExecutive Director, Port Authority of New York and New JerseyBoard of CommissionersCharles A. Gargano, Vice ChairmanBruce A. BlakemanMichael J. ChasanoffCharles A. KushnerDavid S. MackWilliam J. MartiniAlan G. PhilibosianRaymond M. PocinoAnthony J. SartorHenry R. SilvermanAnastasia M. SongTable Of Contents123Introduction 03 Preliminary Program 09Goals and Objectives 12Uses on the Site and Adjacent Areas 14Other Programming Considerations 18Transportation Impacts 20Urban Design Elements 21Memorial Precedents 24PATH Terminal and Fulton Street Station 33The Street Grid 37West Street 43Bus Facility 49Parks and Recreation 50Commercial Office Space 53Retail Amenities 55Arcades 57Light and Air 61Hotel 65Urban Design Approaches and Concept Plans 67Criteria for Evaluation 70Six Concept Plans 72Lower Manhattan Development CorporationPort Authority of New York and New Jersey03Introductionhe Lower Manhattan DevelopmentCorporation (LMDC) and the PortAuthority of New York and New Jersey(PA) have embarked on an open and inclusive publicprocess to plan the future of the World Trade Center siteand adjacent areas. The LMDC is a joint state-citycorporation formed in the aftermath of September 11 tooversee and coordinate the revitalization and rebuildingof Lower Manhattan south of Houston Street. The PortAuthority is the owner of the 16-acre site on which theWorld Trade Center once stood. This urban design study with memorial site conceptsis an important milestone in the planning process, intend-ed to provide a framework for public dialogue about thefuture of the World Trade Center site and adjacentareas. It contains a preliminary program for the site,an inventory of required elements and a menu of realconcept plans intended to facilitate an informed publicdiscussion. These plans mark the beginning of a publicdialogue on the various component elements of anyfuture plan for the site.TJohn C. WhiteheadChairmanLower ManhattanDevelopment CorporationJack G. SinagraChairmanPort Authority of New Yorkand New JerseyLower Manhattan Development CorporationPort Authority of New York and New Jersey04The planning of the site and adjacent areas is intendedto evolve through a transparent process of extensive andongoing formal public comment and consultation. Threephases of public review will direct and refine these urbandesign concept plans toward the selection of a final,recommended plan (see page 7). During each phase,the LMDC and the PA will present a number of alterna-tive schemes and receive feedback from AdvisoryCouncils, public hearings, Community Boards, andthrough other public and representative forums. TheLMDC and the PA are also receiving comments by mailand via the LMDC website, www.RenewNYC.com.From the public input the LMDC and the PA havereceived, some shared goals for the planning processhave begun to emerge, many of which are outlinedin LMDC’s Principles and Revised Blueprint. Certainessential elements are clear. A memorial and new pub-lic open spaces are fundamental aspects of any plan forLower Manhattan. Likewise, Battery Park City and theWorld Financial Center must be integrated with the restof Lower Manhattan. A new transportation hub, perhapssomething akin to a new downtown Grand CentralTerminal, would accommodate the mass transit needsof residents, workers, and visitors.Over 1000 people attendedan LMDC and PA publichearing on May 23 atPace University in Lower Manhattan.Lower Manhattan Development CorporationPort Authority of New York and New Jersey05This study presents six concept plans with differentways of arranging the various elements on the site andadjacent areas. For instance, many have voiced supportfor restoring the original city street grid—though in factthe “original grid” was constantly changing as the shore-line of Manhattan expanded westward. In accordancewith this sentiment, however, the construction plansfor 7 World Trade Center are proceeding in a mannerthat offers the possibility of reconnecting GreenwichStreet. As a departure point for discussion, this publi-cation explores a range of ideas that will be refinedthrough the planning process. The challenge we currently face is planning the publicrealm—to design the relationship of streets, transit sys-tems and open spaces that will generate a lively mixof uses on the site. The concept plans included in thispublication are not architectural designs for proposedbuildings. Rather, they present different relationshipsof uses and elements on the site and adjacent areasthat will provide desirable sites for future works ofarchitecture. As part of this process, we must coordinatean extraordinarily dense cluster of transportation,utility and communications infrastructure and weaveit into the fabric of Lower Manhattan.Lower Manhattan Development CorporationPort Authority of New York and New Jersey06Once a final plan is approved, the second stage of theplanning process will begin – architectural design befit-ting of the importance of the site to the city, the nation,and, indeed, the world. The result will be a revitalizedLower Manhattan that will stimulate private-sectorinvestment, create new jobs and support a thrivingeconomy for years to come.The LMDC and the PA invite you to examine these sixconcept plans. None of the plans is final; in fact, thevarious elements are intended to be mixed and matched.It is highly unlikely that any one of the plans in thisstudy will be selected in its current form as the finalplan. Rather, the end product will be the result ofcombining different elements from each of the sixalternatives into one composite
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