ANTH 210 Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture1. Sociolonguistics2. Language reveals social meanings3. Ebonics4. Historical Linguistics5. Language LossOutline of Current Lecture1. Adaptive Strategies: Making a Living Economic Production2. Modes of Production Through Time and Space3. Cross-Cultural Views: Cautions about typologyToday's LectureAdaptive strategies: Making a living economic productionProduction: Making goods and moneyMode of Production: a set of social relations to organize labor and resources for productionConsumption: Using up goods and moneyExchange: Transfer of good and moneyReciprocity: The mutual exchange of goods and services (informal)Redistribution: The collection and reallocation of goods and services by a central authority.Market: In a market economy, the use of price (money) for buying and selling goods and services.Modes of Production through time and space- Foraging- hunters and gatherers that rely on nature to meet subsistence needs and they require less work than farming. Nomadic lifestyle and have a band level is social organizations. Today, they live in marginal environments (areas not conductive to agriculture) and foraging as a way of life is extinct.Example: San Peoples “Bushmen” live in the Kalahari DesertExample: Inuit People “Eskimo”, Shoshone “Plains Indian Cultures”. Northwest Coast Indians “Tlingit” and “Kwakiutl” these two are producers of totem poles.“Kwakiutl” are aquatic foragers and they feast on salmon. They weren’t nomadic because they lived in one place and the salmon came to them. They didn’t have to moveto get the salmon. Japan foragers are Ainu. Forgaing as a mode of productionDivision of labor- Age and gender (sexual division of labor)Property relations- little to no concept of personal property and exchange governed by generalized reciprocitySocial relations- exogamous ‘band’ societies and egalitarian.Potential for sustainability- Marginal environmentsSocial relationships greater than the object- Horticulture- Slash and burn shifting cultivation this is farming with manual labor. - Pastoralism- Agriculture- IndustrialismCross-Cultural Views: Cautions about typologyCultural materialist perspective- ideal that material conditions of our life determine our culture.Typing by ethnographic organization is an oversimplificationVariation occurs both in time and