ANTH 210 Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture 1 2 3 4 5 Sociolonguistics Language reveals social meanings Ebonics Historical Linguistics Language Loss Outline of Current Lecture 1 Adaptive Strategies Making a Living Economic Production 2 Modes of Production Through Time and Space 3 Cross Cultural Views Cautions about typology Today s Lecture Adaptive strategies Making a living economic production Production Making goods and money Mode of Production a set of social relations to organize labor and resources for production Consumption Using up goods and money Exchange Transfer of good and money Reciprocity The mutual exchange of goods and services informal Redistribution The collection and reallocation of goods and services by a central authority Market In a market economy the use of price money for buying and selling goods and services Modes of Production through time and space Foraging hunters and gatherers that rely on nature to meet subsistence needs and they require less work than farming Nomadic lifestyle and have a band level is social organizations Today they live in marginal environments areas not conductive to agriculture and foraging as a way of life is extinct Example San Peoples Bushmen live in the Kalahari Desert Example Inuit People Eskimo Shoshone Plains Indian Cultures Northwest Coast Indians Tlingit and Kwakiutl these two are producers of totem poles Kwakiutl are aquatic foragers and they feast on salmon They weren t nomadic because they lived in one place and the salmon came to them They didn t have to move to get the salmon Japan foragers are Ainu Forgaing as a mode of production Division of labor Age and gender sexual division of labor Property relations little to no concept of personal property and exchange governed by generalized reciprocity Social relations exogamous band societies and egalitarian Potential for sustainability Marginal environments Social relationships greater than the object Horticulture Slash and burn shifting cultivation this is farming with manual labor Pastoralism Agriculture Industrialism Cross Cultural Views Cautions about typology Cultural materialist perspective ideal that material conditions of our life determine our culture Typing by ethnographic organization is an oversimplification Variation occurs both in time and space