Steps of the scientific methodObservation of phenomenonQuestionHypothesisExperimentConclusionsTheory"a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment."Broader in scope than a hypothesis.General enough to spin off many new specific hypothesis.Supported by a much greater body of evidence.HypothesisProposed explanation for a hypothesis.Parts of a MicroscopeBase: Supports the entire microscope. Located at the bottom of the microscope.Substage Light (Light source or Illuminator): Provides light for viewing. Powered by the “on” switch.Stage: Where the specimen sits. A clip on the stage (stage clip) holds the slide. Slide can be moved with two knobs.Condenser: A lens that focuses light through a specimen. Located beneath the stage.Iris Diaphragm Lever: A lever located under the stage that controls a shutter opening which allows you to control and adjust the amount of light passing through a specimen.The magnification you choose will match the magnification of the objective lens.Coarse adjustment knob: Used to focus a specimen when using low power objective (10x).Fine adjustment knob: Used to focus on a specimen when using the high power objective or oil immersion objective lens. Used to refine focus under low power (10x)Head or Body Tube: part of the microscope that the oculars and nosepieces are attached too. This is where the lenses are located.Arm: Supports the upper parts of the microscope; used to carry the microscope.Ocular (eyepieces): The lens through which you look; Magnifies the specimen by a factor of 10x.Nosepiece: Revolves and holds that objective lens. When the nose piece clicks the objective is set in place.Objective lenses: Located on revolving nosepiece. Magnifies the specimen in conjunction with eyepiece.Scanning (4x) with ocular 40x (Total Magnification)Low Power (10x) with ocular 100x (Total Magnification)High Power (40x) with ocular 400x (Total Magnification)Oil Immersion (100x) with ocular 1000x (Total Magnification)Resolution: The ability to discriminate two close objects as separate.Parfocal: The slide should be in focus (or nearly) at the higher magnification once you have focused properly.1,000 Microns (micrometers, m) to 1mm (millimeters)1,000 mm (millimeters) to 1m (meter)When preparing a wet mount of a specimen, one should always use a cover slip placed on top of the specimen.Most lab microscopes are parfocal, therefore the slide should be focused at higher magnifications since you have focused properly.Functional Groups-OH-CH3NH2COOHCHOC=OSHOrganic and Inorganic MoleculesCH3OHH2O2H2OCO2NH3CH4CH3CH2OHCH3OCH3C6H12O6H2NCH2COOHCH3(CH2)nCOOHCH2OHCHOHCH2OHStudy Guide for Practical 1 10/19/2012Steps of the scientific method-Observation of phenomenon -Question-Hypothesis-Experiment-ConclusionsTheory-"a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment."-Broader in scope than a hypothesis.-General enough to spin off many new specific hypothesis.-Supported by a much greater body of evidence.Hypothesis-Proposed explanation for a hypothesis.Parts of a Microscope-Base: Supports the entire microscope. Located at the bottom of themicroscope.-Substage Light (Light source or Illuminator): Provides light for viewing. Powered by the “on” switch.-Stage: Where the specimen sits. A clip on the stage (stage clip) holds the slide. Slide can be moved with two knobs.-Condenser: A lens that focuses light through a specimen. Located beneath the stage.-Iris Diaphragm Lever: A lever located under the stage that controls a shutter opening which allows you to control and adjust the amount of light passing through a specimen.oThe magnification you choose will match the magnification of the objective lens.-Coarse adjustment knob: Used to focus a specimen when using low power objective (10x).-Fine adjustment knob: Used to focus on a specimen when using the high power objective or oil immersion objective lens. Used to refine focus under low power (10x)-Head or Body Tube: part of the microscope that the oculars and nosepieces are attached too. This is where the lenses are located.-Arm: Supports the upper parts of the microscope; used to carry the microscope.-Ocular (eyepieces): The lens through which you look; Magnifies the specimen by a factor of 10x.-Nosepiece: Revolves and holds that objective lens. When the nose piece clicks the objective is set in place.-Objective lenses: Located on revolving nosepiece. Magnifies the specimen in conjunction with eyepiece.oScanning (4x) with ocular 40x (Total Magnification)oLow Power (10x) with ocular 100x (Total Magnification)oHigh Power (40x) with ocular 400x (Total Magnification)oOil Immersion (100x) with ocular 1000x (Total Magnification)Resolution: The ability to discriminate two close objects as separate.Parfocal: The slide should be in focus (or nearly) at the higher magnification once you have focused properly.1,000 Microns (micrometers, m) to 1mm (millimeters)1,000 mm (millimeters) to 1m (meter)When preparing a wet mount of a specimen, one should always use a cover slip placed on top of the specimen.Most lab microscopes are parfocal, therefore the slide should be focused at higher magnifications since you have focused properly.Functional Groups--OH--CH3-NH2-COOH-CHO-C=O-SHOrganic and Inorganic Molecules-CH3OH-H2-O2-H2O-CO2-NH3-CH4-CH3CH2OH-CH3OCH3-C6H12O6-H2NCH2COOH-CH3(CH2)nCOOH-CH2OHCHOHCH2OH
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