UB BIO 200 - Review_week9_2016 - D3121761

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UB BIO 200 - Review_week9_2016

School name University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Course Bio 200- Evolutionary Biology

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IntroductiontoEvolutionaryBiology:BIO200Dr.CharlotteLindqvistReview/DiscussionMod.TreeofLifeimage©2007TreeofLifeWebProjectWeek Monday Wednesday Friday8 15– Seedplants 16- Angiosperms 17- Fungi9 18– AnimaldiversitySponges/Diploblasts/Lophotrochozoans19– finishprotostomesReview/DiscussionLandplantsVascularplantsnon-seedplantsseedplantsTheseed:• Nourishment• Protection• Dispersal• DormancyNon-vascularplantsHomospororous sporeproduction:Sporangiumà singlesporetypeà gametophyte(bisexual)eggsspermNon-seedplantsarehomosporousSeedplantsareheterosporousHeterosporoussporeproduction:Megasporangium à megasporeà megagametophyte à eggsMicrosporangiumà microsporeà microgametophyte (pollen)à spermDoublefertilizationinangiosperms:• Onespermcellfertilizestheeggcellà 2Nzygote• Thetheotherspermcellfuseswiththecentralcell(2N)à 3NendospermSeedplantsGymnosperms:• “nakedseeds”(nofruits!)• reducedgametophytesAngiosperms:• “enclosedseeds”(ovary/fruits)• flowers/carpels• doublefertilization(endosperm)• furtherreducedgametophytesFlowerstructure:shouldknowthisbynow!Terminology:• sepal• petal• anther• filament• stamen• ovary• ovule• style• stigma• carpelCoevolutionofplantsandpollinatorsPollinationdoesnotequalfertilization!Angiospermcladestrimerous flowers, multiple, spiral 4/5-merous flowerstrimerous flowersGoalsforflowers:1. Getpollen2. Givepollen3. Makesurepollinatorsdon’ttakerewardswithoutgetting/givingpollenAbioticpollinationPondweed:smallinconspicuousflowers(noinvestmentinresourcesthatattractpollinators)WaterWindConifer:largequantitiesoflight,drypollenfromsmall,plainflowers(noinvestmentinresourcesthatattractpollinators)Howarewaterliliespollinated?Bioticpollination:Pollinationsyndromes• Beetles:Flowerslarge,greenish/off-white,heavilyscented, flattenedordishshaped,polleneasilyaccessible.• Short-tonguedinsects (bees&flies):flowerswide-openwithexposedpollenornectar(generalists).• Long-tonguedinsects (butterflies&moths):Flowersnarrow,tubular,pink/lavenderorwhite/night-open,scented,nectarguides(specialists).• Birdsandbats…• BirdsFlowerstubular,red/orange,oftenodorless,nectarBioticpollination:Pollinationsyndromes• BatsFlowerslarge,showy,oftenbell-shaped,openatnight,strongodor,nectarBioticpollination:PollinationsyndromesAllofthefollowingstatementsregardingseedplantsaretrueEXCEPT:a) Angiospermreproductiveorgansarestamensandcarpels,whilegymnospermshavemaleandfemalecones.b) Gymnospermsproduceendosperm,whereasangiospermshavefruits.c) Afruitisamatureovaryinangiospermsonly.d) Doublefertilizationleadstoendospermonlyinangiosperms.e) Bothangiospermsandgymnospermsareheterosporous.AllofthefollowingstatementsregardingseedplantsaretrueEXCEPT:a) Angiospermreproductiveorgansarestamensandcarpels,whilegymnospermshavemaleandfemalecones.b) Gymnospermsproduceendosperm,whereasangiospermshavefruits.c) Afruitisamatureovaryinangiospermsonly.d) Doublefertilizationleadstoendospermonlyinangiosperms.e) Bothangiospermsandgymnospermsareheterosporous.Basedonyourknowledgeoffloweringplantsandthetreebelow,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?a)Amborellaisnotpartoftheangiosperms.b)ThewaterliliesaresistertaxatoAmborella.c)Theeudicots constitutethemajorityofthefloweringplants.d)Ceratophyllum ispartofthe“basalangiosperms”.e)Themonocotsarethemostdiversegroupofallofthegroupslisted.Basedonyourknowledgeoffloweringplantsandthetreebelow,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?a)Amborellaisnotpartoftheangiosperms.b)ThewaterliliesaresistertaxatoAmborella.c)Theeudicots constitutethemajorityofthefloweringplants.d)Ceratophyllum ispartofthe“basalangiosperms”.e)Themonocotsarethemostdiversegroupofallofthegroupslisted.CAngiospermdiversityGroup SpeciesNumberAmborella 1Nymphaeales 80Austrobaileyales 100Chloranthaceae FewdozenCeratophyllum 5Magnoliidae ~9,000Monocots ~60,000Eudicots ~175,000Mimulusguttatus andMimuluscardinalis aretwospeciesofmonkeyflowerswithdifferentflowermorphologies(seepictures).M.guttatus (left)hasyellow,broadflowerswithahairylowerlipwithreddishspots,whereasM.cardinalis (right)hasred,tubularflowers.Howaretheseflowersmostlikelypollinated?a) M.guttatus ispollinatedbywind,whereasM.cardinalis ispollinatedbywaterb) M.guttatus ispollinatedbyhummingbirds,whereasM.cardinalis ispollinatedbybatsc) M.guttatus ispollinatedbybees,whereasM.cardinalis ispollinatedbyhummingbirdsd) M.guttatus ispollinatedbybeetles,whereasM.cardinalis ispollinatedbymothse) BothspeciesarewindpollinatedM.guttatusM.cardinalisMimulusguttatus andMimuluscardinalis aretwospeciesofmonkeyflowerswithdifferentflowermorphologies(seepictures).M.guttatus (left)hasyellow,broadflowerswithahairylowerlipwithreddishspots,whereasM.cardinalis (right)hasred,tubularflowers.Howaretheseflowersmostlikelypollinated?a) M.guttatus

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