HIST 1302 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I Review of syllabus and class rules Outline of Current Lecture I Associations to the Civil War A Medicine B Spies C Soldier Life D New Technology E Death and Devastation II Reconstruction Current Lecture Associations to the Civil War Medicine o A greater understanding of germs and infections during the Civil War people never had to deal with things that drastic before o Clara Barton In charge of nurses founded Red Cross Reason for today s 12 hours on shift and 12 hours of Nurses cared for patients and were involved in surgeries and amputations o Doctors Surgeons didn t sleep for days Young doctors were forced to stay up for multiple days at a time to prove they could handle it o All surgeries and medical practices were done on wooden tables no anesthesia For amputations the limbs were literally hacked of from the body o Medical and nursing schools become established after the war Medical school for men and nursing school for women Spies o Lots of women go to the North from the South to spy One of Jeferson Davis s slaves was a spy o Allen Pinkerton developed counter intelligence and disinformation in favor of the north Counter intelligence Sending spies to spy on other spies Disinformation Purposefully giving the other side wrong information o Air surveillance done with hot air balloons Soldier Life o Pastimes in camp life These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Card playing Kept wild creatures as pets raccoons squirrels ect o Underage boys could enter the navy o Women dressed up as men to became soldiers New Technology greater destruction o Mussel loaded guns o Mini balls More accurate o Gatling gun Allowed soldiers to shoot multiple rounds 60 rounds per minute o Grenades o Iron clad ships Monitor versus Merrimack Float really low in water because of the weight of the iron so they sink easily in storms o Flush toilets Developed for ships in the navy by Thomas Crapper Developed in 1860s and gets to the white house in 1880s outhouse used before this along with indoor plumbing In 1940s and 1950s rural areas began getting flush toilets Death and Devastation o 600 000 casualties in Civil War More than any other war fought including the World Wars o Prisoners of War POW Trades had been happening for POW until 1863 when the North decided they didn t want to trade anymore Only one military personnel was hung for war crimes Captain Henry Wirz Southern general Under his control 1 3 of the POWs from the north died in Andersonville Georgia POWs weren t being fed and were only given water from a stream where they also bathed and use the restroom clothing not replaced Treated like animals and were shot for fun Conditions comparable to the Holocaust Reconstruction Amendments made to the Constitution o 13th amendment abolishes slavery o 14th amendment due process clause all people particularly ex slaves are equal under the law and treated as so o 15th amendment black MEN can vote in elections No women can vote yet regardless of race Freedman s Bureau o Helped ex slaves Gave shelter and food Helped relocate slaves from the South Reviewed employment contracts for slaves so they wouldn t be taken advantage of Most couldn t read or write and therefore didn t know when they were being taken advantage of Opened schools for ex slaves Taught them to read and write and be a part of society Unfortunately the schools continued to open and close on repeat so no education really ever took place General William Tecumseh Sherman o Rallied in the South Ex slaves should receive 40 acres and a mule Pros Would give ex slaves a boost in society allow them to be independent Cons Land belonged to former slave owners and they don t want to give up their land Republicans didn t support because it s taking from the rich and giving to the poor AKA Socialism Arlington National Cemetery o As punishment for his actions of being the general of the Confederate army Robert E Lee s land was confiscated and had the graves of the dead union soldiers on it as a memorial cemetery the graves literally surrounded his house up to his doorstep Lee then moves to Lexington VA Lincoln assassinated in 1865 o Apart of a conspiracy against the North Plot kill president vice president secretary of state and speaker of house John Wilkes Boothe kills president VPs killer chickened out Sec of State Seward s killer misfired and then stabs Seward along with his son Seward survives Andrew Johnson takes over presidency after the death of Lincoln o Lincoln wanted peaceful reconciliation with the South but new president Andrew Johnson Democrat wants revenge o The Presidential Office is in Tenure Johnson cannot fire Lincoln s appointments to office Johnson fires the Secretary of War anyways and was impeached though he is saved by one vote After this incident the office of president is severely weakened and congress seems to run the government from there to 1901 Beginning of Roosevelt s term South after Civil War o Run by 5 military governors In 1868 there are more black males voting in south than white males o Black men elected to US senate and congress o Carpet baggers and Scalawags Carpet baggers Northerners going to south Southerners accuse them of economic exploitation claiming the Northerners are taking their jobs and land Scalawags Southern whites viewed as Northern sympathizers Southern member of the Republican party viewed as traitors to the South James Longstreet Became a Southern Republican Majority of Southerners are democrats because that s the anti Yankee anti republican party also the anti Lincoln party Blacks of the south were Republicans because Lincoln freed the slaves gaining their loyalty o Loyal up until the 1960s with Lynden Johnson Democrat The Ku Klux Klan o White supremacist terrorists o Try to intimidate black voters o KKK outlawed in 1870 so they then became an underground illegal organization o Wanted to bring south back to the way it was before the war Worked through segregations lynching Jim Crowe Laws o Incarnations Come back with 3 million members in 1920s Texas 1 for lynching because of the KKK Anti everything except white Protestant black Jewish immigrants Catholics etc Gains power in the south through congress governor backing the elite and other high powers Klan comes back with civil rights movements in 1940s 50s and again smashed in 1960s with