HIST 106 2nd Edition Exam 1 Study Guide o Lincoln s approach to Reconstruction Lincoln had a softer approach to reconstruction as he did think that some people needed to be punished not by death but by stripping of their political rights Lincoln also thought that only 10 of the southern population had to swear allegiance to the Union Lincoln did not live to see his Reconstruction as he was assassinated o Johnson s approach to Reconstruction The radical Republicans initially thought that Johnson being put into the presidential seat because Johnson hated plantation owners because they took opportunity away from small farmers Johnson was easily wooed by the southerners and granted out pardons to everyone When Johnson was done with his reconstruction there were former highranking confederates were back in power in the south Congressional Reconstruction o Military Reconstruction Act Divided the south into 5 military district and each was ruled by a general All of the generals were put with the power that they would make sure that all congressional reconstruction took place in their district They made sure that the 13th and 14th amendments were put into place For the first time in history Republicans were put into congressional seats in the south due to the influx of black votes o 1870s some whites in the south were getting fed up with the congressional reconstruction and the beginning of terrorism against blacks Klu klux klan terrorize the blacks and there were many acts that hurt many blacks The redeemers were really intent on restoring white supremacy in the south getting rid of republican governments in the south getting blacks out of congress not allowing blacks to vote Getting many men together for shooting club and having armed up rises against a county with a black in administrative power Many innocent blacks were killed and this group fed a lot of feeling of anxiety Started becoming a very big problem in the early to mid 1870s and President Grant was adamant on cracking down on the violence in the south Panic of 1873 really hit the southern economy hard and the price of cotton fell by half Drove a lot of people out of business and drove a lot of people in to sharecropping Sharecropper lived and farmed on someone else s land and they would farm the land and get to keep a portion of the land for themselves and the landowner would get a portion The sharecroppers would usually be starting from nothing and they would get a loan from the landowner for the materials needed for farming and they would usually never be out of debt to the landowner Nationally Grant was blamed for the Panic of 1873 a lot of republicans were pushed out of congress and for the first time since the Civil War the democrats controlled the HOR Election of 1876 o The north was tired of paying for the armies to be down in the south and felt that it was time that the north ends reconstruction o Reconstruction really ended in 1877 not due to fatigue about reconstruction but due to the election of 1876 o Samuel Tildon vs Rutherford B Hays 20 electoral votes remained disputed in three states and each state said that one of the candidates of their choice had one The compromise of 1877 in return for the democrats saying that Hays won the election the republicans would get out of the south and end reconstruction The beginning of the Jim Crow south and the end of the second American Revolution This will give rise to the white aristocracy in the south and will give congressional seats to the Redeemers Once the soldiers left the south that was the last protection the blacks had against the southern whites Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce War 1877 o Custer war biggest national defeat for the US 200 people killed The Americans were now blood thirsty and wanted the Indians put in reservations o Chief Joseph was one of the major leaders of the Nez Perce tribe Joseph realized things were not going to go down too well between the Indians and the US In 1877 the US wanted the Nez Perce tom move into a reservation smaller territory Nez Perce not too happy with this because they see repeated violations of their land Reporting these violations to the US federal government and will be moved to the reservation Indians see that Indian policy will not go to well and will escape from the reservation to Canada o Canadians treat their first nation people better than the US treats the Indian tribes o On their escape to Canada the American army is hot on their heels o In 75 days the Nez Perce people travel 1300 miles o Majority of the tribe has to surrender because their done and so are their horses The punishment for the Nez Perce for doing this was to move them permanently to the reservation in Oklahoma where many of the Nez Perce will die The Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee o Very intense spiritual restoration an Indian soldier would take Said that the white man would be defeated and the bison would come back There would be a re rise in the Indian resistance to westward movement o Mechanics of the Indian Ghost Dance Hooks placed into chest skin and to dance all night until hooks are ripped out You would have to be very committed to do this and the US government would get scared by this commitment and banned the Ghost Dance o Led by Spotted Elk at Wounded Knee The Indian tribe was surrounded by the US army The 7th calf surrounds Spotted Elk s tribe Spotted Elk sees this and sees that the US will wipe them out and goes out to negotiate with the US government Someone accidentally fires both sides open up the US has superiority and it was a blood bath o December 28 1890 500 men of the 7th calf caught up with them o About 350 Lakota present 290 killed Incident was called Massacre of Wounded Knee o The end of Indian resistance in the West There is some but nobody really has the stomach to resist and get killed Dawes Severalty Act 1887 o Breaking up of tribes as a social unit The point of this act was to assimilate Indians and make them American Eliminate Indian culture A lot of Indian children were removed from their homes and taken to schools Were not allowed to speak their native language forced to wear American clothes and taught English o Reducing the cost of native administration o Securing parts of the reservations as Indian land Reservations granted to the tribe and the land is for communal use US government split up the reservations and gave the land to individuals to force the idea of the individual ownership o Opening the remaining land
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