POL 106 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Constitutional ConventionII. The [New] ConstitutionIII. RatificationOutline of Current Lecture I. What is FederalismII. Reasons for Federal Government GrowthCurrent Lecture What is Federalism?In the Constitution-Enumerated Powers: Named specifically in constitution (Article 1, Section 8)Necessary and Proper Clause: Provides constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers**also known as elastic clauseSupremacy Clause: Found in Article 6, it states that Constitution and laws made under its provisions are supreme law of the land. When federal and state law conflict, federal law wins.Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by federal and state gov’ts**where powers begin/end is confusing; some powers are shared and many Americans’ ideologies lead them to have strong opinions on this topicTwo Views of Federalism-Dual Federalism: National and state gov’ts responsible for separate policy areas- “Layer cake” model of federalism- Model prior to the New Deal era (1930’s)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Cooperative Federalism: National and state gov’ts share responsibilities for most domestic policy areas- “Marble cake” model of federalism- Model after 1930’sFederalism Alternatives-Unitary System: gov’t which all power is centralizedConfederal System: gov’t which local units hold all the power**these systems used in other countries, but not the USEffects of Federalism:- Effects on states and politicso States compete for citizens and business- Effects on citizenso Citizens have access to diff levels of gov’to Diff levels check each other: Civil Rights Act (1964)- Increased flexibilityo Experimentation with policyo Citizens may face diff laws and treatments among states**constitution and its definition of powers is very vague. Two Trends:- Gov’t is growing at federal and state levels- Gradual strengthening of federal gov’t at expense of the states**citizens expect more services from nat’l gov’t**with growth of Tea Party, also new enthusiasm for states’ rights Reasons for Federal Government GrowthJohn Marshall: strengthened the constitutional powers of federal gov’t as Chief Justice of Supreme CourtCivil War: national domination of the states; central gov’t more powerful than statesThe New Deal: national programs stimulated economy and also led to entitlement programs and gov’t regulation of big businessesEX) Social SecurityCivil Rights: federal gov’t acted against statesEX) Blacks, Irish, Italian, Mexicans, etc. vs. Whites or Women vs. MenTerrorism: since 9/11, most Americans are willing to give up some of their rights and give more power to fed. gov’t if it means more security for American peopleExpectations: people now expect more from gov’t in