POL 106 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 13-19Lecture 13 (October 21)What is casework?Legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve their problems with government agencies and programsWhat is partisanship? What is hyperpartisanship?Partisanship is the loyalty to a party that helps shape how members see the world, how they define problems, and how they identify appropriate solutions. Hyperpartisanship is a commitment to a party so strong that it can transcend other commitments, leading members tochoose party over constituent or over the national interest.What is reapportionment?A reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the censusWhat is redistricting? What is gerrymandering?Redistricting is the process of redrawing of district lines in states with more than one representative (carried out by state legislators or commission). Gerrymandering is redistricting to benefit a particular group.What is a standing committee?Permanent committees responsible for legislation in particular policy areasWhat is the house rules committee?Determines how and when debate on a bill will take place (no rules committee in the senate)Which house has limitations for debates?The House of RepresentativesDoes the Senate have rules for debate about bills?The senate has no limitations for debates about billsWhat is a filibuster? How do you break them?Senator(s) talk a bill to death to kill time and prevent it from passing. It can be broken with a cloture vote of 60 or more senators.Lecture 14 (October 23)What is the double expectations gap?The gap between presidential promises and powers of the officeWhat is required to override a veto?2/3 majority vote in each houseWhat is an executive order?Clarification of congressional policy issued by the president and having the full force of lawWhat is the President’s role in the military?He is the commander and chief as the civilian head of military.Lecture 15 (October 28)What is the President’s cabinet?The members, chosen by the President and approved by the Senate, head the executive departments.What is the executive office of the president (EOP)?The President’s closest staff. It is designed to serve the President’s interests and exert control over the executive branch.What is the role of the VP?He has little real power; used to break ties in the Senate, and “can’t die” in case something happens to the President.Lecture 16 (October 30)What is judicial review? Which case established this?Judicial review is the ability of the judicial branch to review the actions of the other two branches. Marbury v. Madison established this.What is the difference between judicial activism and judicial restraint?The idea of judicial activism is when the court has to get involved in as many things as they can, whereas the idea of judicial restraint is when the court does not hear any case unless it is absolutely necessary.What are amicus curiae briefs?Amicus curiae means “friend of the court”, and it is when an interest group writes a letter to theSupreme Court in order to persuade them to hear a case.How do court cases get heard in the Supreme Court?4 of the 9 Supreme Court justices have to agree to hear it (Rule of 4)What is stare decisis?It sets a precedent for future cases regarding a previous ruling in a similar case.Lecture 18 (November 6)What are interest groups?An organization of individuals who share a common political goal and are united for the purposeof influencing government decisionsWhat is a PAC?A political action committee; the fundraising arm of an interest groupLecture 19 (November 11)What is voter mobilization?Getting constituents out to vote.What is prospective voting vs. retrospective voting?Prospective voting is basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of thefuture consequences of a given vote, whereas retrospective voting is basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance; approving the status quo or signaling a desire for change.What is the difference between a primary and caucus?A primary is an election by which voters choose convention delegates committed to voting for a certain candidate, whereas a caucus is a local gathering of party members to choose conventiondelegatesWhat is a wedge issue?A controversial issue that one party uses to split the voters in the other partyWhat is a front-loading primary?The process of scheduling presidential primaries early in the primary seasonWhat is the minimum amount of electoral votes a candidate needs to become President?270 electoral