POL 106 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Double Expectation GapII. Constitutional Powers of the PresidencyOutline of Current Lecture I. Traditional Presidency v. Modern PresidencyII. Presidential PoliticsIII. Managing the Presidential EstablishmentIV. Presidential Character & CitizensCurrent Lecture Traditional Presidency v. Modern PresidencyTraditional Presidency:**President’s mostly conformed to founders’ limited, administrative vision of office until the 1930’sInherent Powers: Implied but not stated explicitly in the Constitution- President’s expanded office somewhat through inherent powers- This contrasts with the president’s enumerated powers, which are spelled out in Article II of the US ConstitutionThe Modern Presidency (1933-1970s):- Federal gov’t assumed responsibility for economic well-being of citizens during the Depression, and American role in world expanded- Power and leadership responsibility grew- Americans also started to have heightened expectations of what the gov’t should provide Presidential PoliticsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Expectations Gap: High public expectations but limited constitutional authority means presidents rely oninformal powersPower to Persuade: A president’s ability to convince Congress, other political actors, and the public to cooperate with the administration’s agenda; presidents use their “presidential personality” to persuadeGoing Public: President’s strategy of appealing to the public on an issue, expecting that public pressure will be brought to bear on other political actorsWorking with Congress (Directly):- Shared powers and conflicting policy goalso Different constituencies and politicso Use of legislative liaison- Partisanship and divided governmento Better success when the president’s political party controls Congresso Hyperpartisanship and party polarization can have drastic negative effects Managing the Presidential EstablishmentCabinet- Members head the executive departments- Cabinet members have own views; may not be loyalExecutive Office of the President (EOP)- Designed to serve president’s interests and exert control over executive branch- OMB, NSC, Council of Economic AdvisorsWhite House Office- Close relationship to President- Chief of Staff: The person who oversees the operations of all White House staff and controls access to the PresidentVice President- Used to be chosen to balance ticket- Had little real power- Recent VPs have had significant rolesFirst Lady- Range of roles from traditional to political Presidential Character and Citizens**James David Barber classifies presidents on two dimensions:- energy level (passive or active)- orientation toward life (positive or negative)Presidential Style: Image protected by the president that represents how he would like to be perceived at home and abroad- Used by presidents to differentiate themselves from other presidents- Public perceives differences in these traitsPublic Approval Essential:- Reelection- Influence of legislation (going public)- Combat media and legislative criticismPublic Evaluates Each President Differently:- Clinton’s personal approval lower than job approval- Bush’s job approval closely matches (though lower than) personal approval- Obama’s approval rating directly tied to economic factors- Election will show citizens’ ultimate