POL 106 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. 8th AmendmentII. 9th AmendmentIII. 10th AmendmentIV. 11th AmendmentV. 12th AmendmentVI. 13th AmendmentOutline of Current Lecture I. 11th AmendmentII. 12th AmendmentIII. 13th AmendmentIV. 14th AmendmentV. 15th AmendmentVI. 16th AmendmentVII. 17th AmendmentVIII. 18th AmendmentIX. 19th AmendmentX. 20th AmendmentXI. 21st AmendmentXII. 22nd AmendmentXIII. 23rd AmendmentXIV. 24th AmendmentXV. 25th AmendmentXVI. 26th AmendmentXVII. 27th AmendmentCurrent Lecture11th Amendment- prohibits federal courts from hearing cases in which a state is sued by individuals from another state or country- in response to Chisholm v. Georgia in 1793o Chisholm took away states sovereign immunityo Clarified article 3These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.12th Amendment- replaced article II section 1 clause 3 (provided original procedure by which Electoral college functioned)- in response to turmoil of 1800 election (Jefferson and Burr)o separated president and VP for electors and allows pres and VP to run as teams (though not from same state)- previously first electoral vote getter was President and second was VP- if electoral college does not elect a president, the House will select from the top three candidateso vote is by state not representatives- extends eligibility requirements of the Pres to the VP**amendments 13-15 are considered the civil rights amendments13th Amendment- elimination of slavery, involuntary servitude (unless punishment for crime after conviction)14th Amendment- Section 1o Clause 1: response to Dred Scott case, citizen of nation is independent of state citizenshipo Clause 2: rights due to citizenship may not be denied by a state in any wayEX) to travel, to vote, to engage in interstate commerceo Clause 3: applied 5th amendment Due Process to states and the protection of life, liberty, and propertyo Clause 4: equal protection, preventing the state from discriminating actions towards any groupo Originally based on race and later included gender- Sections 2-4: Obsolete- Section 5o Gives constitutional authority to Congress to enforce through law provision in 14th amendmentEX) Civil Rights Acts of 196015th Amendment- Section 1- right to vote cannot be denied because of race- Section 2- Congress has the right to legislate on thisEX) Voting Rights Act of 1965, strengthened in 1975 and 198216th Amendment- Ratified in 1913- Congress can set and collect income taxes17th Amendment- Superseded article 1 section 3- Senators are directly elected by citizen of that state and not by state legislators- Vacated seats may have them filled by the governor until the next election18th Amendment- Prohibition- Ratified in 1919- Repealed by the 21st amendment19th Amendment- Right to vote shall not be denied to women- Ratified in 1920- Congress can enforce this article through legislation20th Amendment- terms of president and VPo ratified in 1933o originally pres and VP took office in Marcho this eliminated lame duck period and installed the Pres and VP on Jan 20tho congress adjourns before elections and does not reseat until Jan 3rdo also sets up solution to 3 person lack of majority in electoral college VP serves until the House decides the winner21st Amendment- Repealed 18th amendment- Only amendment ratified by conventions rather than state legislatureso They were used to specifically deal with just the alcoholic beverage issue22nd Amendment- presidential term limitso ratified in 1951o limits presidency to two termso VP who assumes office after a death of the Pres may still hold two terms in addition to the years of elevation23rd Amendment- presidential vote for District of Columbiao ratified in 1961o residents of DC may vote for a president and VPo they have as many electoral votes as the smallest stateo always have at least 3 electoral votes24th Amendment- barring poll tax in federal electionso ratified in 1964o no taxes may be levied against a voter in a federal electiono left window open for state poll taxes, but this has been struck down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court as wello payments said to violate 14th amendment’s equal protection clause25th Amendment- presidential disability and successiono ratified in 1967o if president considers himself unable to perform the duties his office for any reason, he must notify the Speaker and President Pro Temporeo VP then becomes acting president until president chooses to returno Don’t always have to hear from Pres, he may be incapacitated and the same procedure occurso Pres may appoint new VP with majority in both houses confirming26th Amendment- Voting age is 18o Congress had no way to set voting age limits until this amendmento Ratified in < 3 months – really fast!27th Amendment- Congressional payo Ratified in 1992o Written by James Madisono 38 of 50 states voted in favor and it finally