POL 106 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. What is Government?II. Politics and GovernmentIII. Rules and InstitutionsIV. Politics and Economics (Systems)V. The Role of PeopleVI. Dangers of DemocracyOutline of Current Lecture I. Citizenship in AmericaII. Ideas That Unite UsIII. Ideas That Divide UsIV. The Split From EnglandV. The Articles of ConfederationCurrent Lecture Citizenship in AmericaTwo Views of Citizenship in America Today:- Human nature = self-interested; individual participation in gov’t should be limited (Madison’s viewpoint)- Puts faith in citizens’ abilities to act virtuously; work for common good, not their own good.American Citizen- Anyone born in one of the 50 states of America or overseas territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)Immigrants- People who are citizens or subjects of another country who come here to live and work.Naturalization- Process of becoming an American citizen- Very difficult- Long, arduous processThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Refugees- People arriving to seek asylum or protection because they feel threatened due to their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinions.Political Culture- General political orientation or disposition of a nation.EX) Democrats, Republicans, other party typesValues- Ideals or principles that most people agree are important, even though they may disagree on how the value should be defined.Rules and Processes- Gov’t should guarantee a fair playing field but not guarantee equal outcomes for all the players. Individuals are responsible for their own welfare, and what is good for them is good for society as a whole.**all white “Americans” are actually immigrants (or descendants of immigrants)**only Americans who aren’t immigrants are American Indians Ideas That Unite Us**we want our lives to be free from unnecessary gov’t intrusion and want people to be treated the same**Americans are united in commitment to proceduralism and individualism at some levelProceduralism- Our insistence on fair rulesIndividualism- Our belief in the primacy of individual citizens Ideas That Divide UsIdeologies- The sets of beliefs and opinions about politics, the economy, and society that help people make sense of their world, and that can divide them into opposing groups.Liberals vs. Conservatives: conflicting views on economics and social/personal issuesEconomic Dimension:- Conservatives prefer little gov’t involvement in econ.- Liberals see positive gov’t roleSocial Order Dimension:- Economic security led Americans to be more concerned with quality-of-life/moral issues- Division over limited vs. more active gov’t control of individual livesDifferent Mixes of Ideological Groups:- Economic liberals- Social liberals- Economic conservatives- Social conservatives- Libertarians- CommunitariansWhen Analyzing Politics, Ask:1. Who are the parties involved?2. What do they have at stake?3. How do the rules shape the outcome? The Split From EnglandColonists left England:- to escape feudalism- opportunity to own land- economic opportunities- practice free religion**Property qualifications for voting (less restrictive than England- more people owned land)**Religious qualifications for voting (much more restrictive than property qualifications)Why England believed it was right: Why colonists believed they were right:-wanted colonists to help pay for -unfair taxation (Sugar and Tea Acts)French and Indian War -tyrannical monarch-colonists rejected offers of -belief in popular sovereignty (for the representation in Parliament most part)Declaration of Independence:- Jefferson influenced by Locke’s belief in natural rights (life, liberty, and property)- Argued that King George violated social contract with colonists- Jefferson had to make case why this particular revolution was right, but others were not.- Didn’t want any more revolutions in the future, so phrased it carefullyLife After Revolution:- Colonists won; not everyone’s life changed- African Americanso Still slaves in southo Slave trade continued- Native Americanso Continued to lose land- Womeno Lost ability to vote in some stateso Lost previous limited opportunities to participate in politicsThe Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation:- First attempt at constitution- Established “firm league of friendship” between states- Created a confederacy (power to the states)- Federal gov’t had few powers and limited ability to carry out powers- Escape from confederation is the second revolution in American history- Congress allowed to make peace, coin money, appoint officers for an army, control post offices, and negotiate with Indian tribes- Each state had one vote in Continental Congress- Vote from 9 states necessary to pass any measure- Each state could create their own currency- had to change currency when going from state to state- States picked representatives, not the people (people elected the people who chose the representatives)- No executive leader picked due to fear of tyrannyProblems with Articles of Confederation:- No executive to administer gov’t and no real leader. People too afraid of king-like figure.- No power to tax without states’ consent, so it was difficult to do anything like establish national army without money- No authority to regulate commerce- trade between states became chaotic since states were using their own currency- Continental dollars worth nothing- Congress could pass laws but had little power to execute