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ISU POL 106 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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POL 106 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 5Lecture 1 (August 21)What is the difference between Government and Politics?Government- A system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people.Politics- A way of determining, without recourse to violence, who gets the power and resources in society and how they get them. The making of promises, deals, and laws. “Who gets what, when, and how.”What would happen if politics did not exist?- No resolution/compromise between conflicting interests- No agreements/bargains made- No alliances formed- Constant conflict and violenceWhat is Capitalism? What are two different types of capitalism and what do they do?Capitalism- The market determines production, distribution, and price decisions.- Capitalist Economy: All means used to produce material resources are privately owned, and decisions regarding production/distribution are left to the individuals operating the businesses.- Regulated Capitalism: Maintains a capitalist economy and individual freedom from gov’t interference, but it allows the gov’t to regulate the economy.What is socialism? What is socialism similar to?Economic decisions are made by politicians, based on their judgment of what society needs. Socialism isbasically the same thing as communism.What is a Social Democracy?A hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a gov’t that supports equality.What is an Authoritarian System?Gives ultimate power to the state rather than to the people to decide how to live their lives.What are some different types of Authoritarian Systems?- Dictatorship- Monarchy- Theocracy- Fascism- OligarchyWhat is a Totalitarian System?A system that combines authoritarian government with a socialist economy.What is Authoritarian Capitalism?A system in which the state allows people economic freedom, but maintains stringent social regulations to limit non-economic activities.What is Anarchy?No laws or government altogether. A “free for all”.What is a Democracy and what does it do?Less extreme form of nonauthoritarian gov’t than Anarchy. Gov’t is the people, based on popular sovereignty. A democracy:- Tries to maximize freedoms for individuals- Makes decisions through majority rule (voting)- Provides procedural guarantees to preserve individual rights (protections of due process)What is Popular Sovereignty?Citizens are the ultimate source of powerWhat are the three theories of Democracy? Give mini summaries for each.- Elite Democracy: Political decisions are made by the elite, not normal everyday people. Choose among predetermined competing leaders. Input ends after leader is chosen.- Pluralist Democracy: Groups participate in gov’t decision-making on their members’ behalf. Feel that individual citizens have little to no effective power, only organized groups do.- Participatory Democracy: Consent/majority rule not enough in gov’t decisions. Feel that direct democratic participation is more effective (everyone has a say, no representatives).What is a Republic?Government where decisions are made through elected representatives of the people.What kind of government does the US have? What kind do most people think it has?The US actually has a Republic form of government, whereas most American people think it has a Democracy.What are the people of an Authoritarian government known as? What are the people of a Democratic System known as?Subjects are the people of an Authoritarian government, and Citizens are the people of a Democratic (or any nonauthoritarian) System.What is the Social Contract Theory?An agreement between the gov’t and the governed where the people are willing to give up certain rightsin order to have the rest protected.What is Pure Democracy? Why was James Madison afraid of it?Pure Democracy- All citizens have direct power to control the gov’t.Madison feared pure democracy because people may create factions (groups pursuing their own self-interest instead of the public interest).Lecture 2 (August 26) What are the two differing views of citizenship today? Which view did Madison support?- Human nature is self-interested and individual participation in gov’t should be limited.- Faith in citizens’ abilities to act virtuously and work for the common good, not their own good.Madison supported the first view of citizenship (human nature is self-interested).What is the difference between immigrants and refugees?Immigrants: People who are subjects of another country that come here to live and workRefugees: People arriving here to seek asylum or protection because they feel threatened by their gov’t due to race, religion, nationality, political opinions, etc.What are two ideas that unite us as Americans?Proceduralism: Our insistence on fair rules.Individualism: Our belief in the primacy of individual citizens.What are ideas that divide us as Americans? What are the names and definitions of the opposing political groups in America?Ideologies: Sets of beliefs and opinions about politics, economy, and society that helps people make sense of the world and can divide them into opposing groups.Why did the colonists escape England?- To escape feudalism- Have the opportunity to own land- Economic opportunities- Be able to practice free religionWhat was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence? Who wrote it and who influenced him?The purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to tell King George to back off and it listed all the things he did wrong and why the colonists did not like him. Thomas Jefferson wrote it, and he was influenced by John Locke’s belief in natural rights (life, liberty, and property).What people’s lives did NOT change after the Revolutionary War?- Native Americans- African Americans- WomenHow many Revolutions are there in American history?There are TWO revolutions in American history: the escape from England and the escape from the Confederation.What is the Articles of Confederation and what was the general idea behind it?The Articles of Confederation were the first constitution, and it established a “firm league of friendship” among the states. Much of what was decided in the Articles of Confederation was out of fear of another tyranny. Federal gov’t had very little controls:- Congress allowed to coin money, make peace, appoint officers for an army, control post offices, and negotiate with Indian Tribes.- NO executive- feared having only one


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