NSC 170C1 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I What is Nutrition Why is it important Outline of Current Lecture II What is nutrition III What is health A Factors that contribute to good health IV Nutrient V Nutrient Trends of Americans Current Lecture I What is nutrition A Nutrition is the science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in foods nourish you and affect your health II What is Health A Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity B Health Is More Than the Absence of Disease C Good health and nutrition is closely related III Factors that contribute to health A Level of physical activity i Regular physical activity has a positive effect on health ii Weight iii Both underweight and obesity increase susceptibility to disease and decrease life expectancy B Smoking and Alcohol i Smoking Increases risk of chronic diseases including heart disease stroke and cancer ii Chronic alcohol abuse and binge drinking are risk factors for traumatic injury and chronic diseases C Level of Stress i Chronic stress is a major factor for ill health D Socioeconomic status i Low socioeconomic status is a predictor of health problems E Genetics i Your genes influence the way your body metabolizes food your tendency to gain or lose weight and overall health IV Nutritional Genomics Nutrigenomics A the study of how specific components in food interact with the expression of your genes B Example may help determine the specific dietary combination of types of fat that may lower your risk of heart disease based on your unique genetic make up C Nutritional Genomics Studies the Relationship between Diet and Genes D Genes determine your inherited specific traits E Made of DNA which contains the instructions to build the proteins that compose and direct activities of the body V What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them A Macronutrients energy yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts B Carbohydrates lipids fats and proteins C Micronutrients nutrients needed in lesser amounts D Vitamins and minerals E Water is an essential nutrient needed in copious amounts F Alcohol provides energy but is not an essential nutrient VI Energy from Nutrients A We measure energy in kilocalories kcal i On food labels calories actually refer to kilocalories ii How many calories do you need a Depends on body size and activity level iii Law of thermodynamics a Energy cannot be destroyed or created its recycled VII Nutrients and Their Functions A The Best Way To Meet Your Nutrient Needs Is with a Well Balanced Diet B Consume a balanced diet by selecting i A variety of foods ii Essential nutrients from all six classes iii Beneficial dietary compounds such as phytochemicals and fiber found in whole grains fruits and vegetables iv Individuals with diet restrictions or higher nutrient needs may benefit from taking a supplement C Water Is Vital for Many Processes in Your Body i Component of the fluid medium inside and outside of your cells ii iii D E F G VIII Helps chemical reactions take place Transports vital nutrients and oxygen to and removes waste products from your cells iv Maintains body temperature cushions your organs and lubricates joints eyes mouth and intestinal tract Minerals are inorganic compounds and are key to the structure of some tissues such as bone i Deficiency can cause fatigue stunted growth weak bones or organ damage Carbohydrates supply glucose the simple sugar that fuels your cells Fats are a major fuel source and act as insulation and cushioning in the body Proteins build and maintain your tissues muscles and organs transport other nutrients and are used to make hormones and enzymes How Does the Average American Diet Stack Up A The typical American diet is too high in i Total calories ii Saturated fat iii Sodium B The average American diet is low in i Vitamin E ii Calcium iii Fiber C Overweight and Obesity Are on the Rise i Both overweight and obesity have become epidemic in the United States ii Over 65 percent of adults and 15 percent of children aged 6 to 19 are overweight iii Results in increased rates of type 2 diabetes especially in children heart disease cancer and stroke iv Obesity Trends among U S Adults