ColorGrayscaleEE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.EE 200Design ToolsLecture 7Professor Jeffrey SchianoDepartment of Electrical Engineering1EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Lecture 7 Topics• Announcements• Liquid Crystal Displays: Programming• Microcontrollers– Terminology– Architecture– Digital I/O Ports• LabVIEW – Mechanical Action of Booleans– Waveform Graphs and Charts– Parallelism and Variables• Laboratory Topics2EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Programming Liquid Crystal Displays3Pin 1EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Pin Functions4PinNumberName Function1VSSground2VDD5 V3VOcontrast4RS Register SelectRS = 0 V: Instruction InputRS = 5 V: Data Input5R/WRead/WriteRW = 0 V: Write to LCD ModuleRW = 5 V: Read from LCD Module6EEnableWhen RW = 0 V, a 5 V to 0 Vtransition strobes Instruction/Datainto the LCD moduleEE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Pin Functions5PinNumberName Function7D0Lower nibble of Instruction/Data8D19D210 D3 11 D4Upper nibble of Instruction/Data12 D513 D614 D7EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.4-bit versus 8-bit Mode• 8-bit instructions/data may be written into the LCD module as two consecutive four-bit nibbles• This mode uses DB4 though DB7, while DB0 through DB3 are allowed to float• The 4-bit mode is advantageous for use with microcontrollers where the number of data bits is limited 6EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.LCD Module Memory7• Standard patterns stored in the Character Graphics Read only Memory (CGROM)• User defined characters stored in the Character Graphics Read Access Memory (CGRAM)• Displayed characters stored in the Data Display Random Access Memory (DDRAM)• Each display character has a corresponding DDRAM locationEE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.16 Character by 2 Line Display8EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Character ASCII Codes and Patterns9• ExamplesA 0100 0001E 0100 01012 0011 0010EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Hitachi HD44780U Controller10EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Command Control Codes11EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.4 – Bit Operation12EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Microcontrollers• Terminology• Chronology• Architecture• Microchip Technology dsPIC33EP64MC• Digital I/O ports13EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Terminology• A microcontroller (mC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit (IC)• Microcontrollers ICs contain a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals• An embedded system is a computer system designed for a specific control function, for example– Automotive engine control– Appliances• Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications14EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Example Embedded Systems15EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Chronology16• First microprocessor on a single integrated circuit– 1971, 4-bit Intel 4004• First microcontroller on a single integrated circuit– 1971, Texas Instruments 4-bit TMS 100 for calculators• Introduction of Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) in 1993 facilitates rapid prototyping• In 1993 Atmel and Microchip Technology introduce microcontrollers using flash memory• Four billion microcontrollers sold by 2006; Microchip Technology alone sells eight billion by 2008EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Architecture• Many microcontrollers use the Harvard architecture• The Harvard architecture uses separate storage and signal pathways for instructions and data• Most personal computers use a modified Harvard architecture – relaxes the strict separation between instruction and data – allows the central processing unit simultaneously accessing two or more data busses17EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Harvard Architecture18ControlUnitDataMemoryInstructionsMemoryI/OArithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Microchip Technology:Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) Families19EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.16-bit PIC Microcontrollers20EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.dsPIC33F Family21EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.PIC Programming • Assembly Language– Execute code faster– Requires less memory than C– Useful for understanding how microcontrollers operate• C Language– Easier to develop and maintain– Requires more instruction memory than Assembly22EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Code Development Flow23EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Code Deployment24• MPLAB X IDE– Free student version• PICkit 3– available in 302 EE West– student cost $36.00EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Microchip Identification System25EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Project Microcontroller• dsPIC 33 EP 64 MC5 02 I SP– Architecture: 33  16-bit Digital Signal Controller– Flash Memory Family: EP  Enhanced performance– Program Memory Size (KB): 64 KB– Product Group: MC5: Motor Control Family– Pin Count: 02  28-pin– Temperature Range: I  -40C to + 85 C (Industrial)– Package: SP  Skinny Plastic Dual In-Line 26EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Pin Assignments27• Engineering Challenge: Provide largest set of peripheral features using a low pin-count deviceEE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Microcontroller Interface Circuit28EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.MPLAB X Integrated Development Environment• Integrated toolset for developing embedded applications on the Microchip Technology PIC and dsPIC microcontrollers• MPLAB IDE allows a user to– Create a project for a target microcontroller– Simulate application with MPLAB®SIM Simulator– Debug application on development board– Generate a stand-alone application29EE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Digital I/O Ports: Overview30• Two Digital Input/Output ports: PORTx, x = A or B• PORTA provides 5 I/O lines: RA0 through RA4• PORTB provides 16 I/O lines: RB0 through RB15• Input: 3.3V CMOS • Output: 3.3V CMOS or open-drain– Open drain allows VDD up to 5V on 5V tolerant pinsEE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Digital I/O Ports: Pin Locations31AN0/OA2OUT/RA0AN1/C2IN1+/RA1MCLRPGED3/VREF-/AN2/C2IN1-/SS1/ RPI32/CTED2/RB0PGEC3/VREF+/AN3/OA1OUT/RPI33/CTED1/RB1PGEC1/AN4/C1IN1+/RPI34/RB2PGED1/AN5/C1IN1-/RP35/RB3VSSOSC1/CLKI/RA2OSC2/CLKO/RA3FLT32/RP36/RB4CVREF20/RP20/T1CK/RA4VDDPGED2/ASDA2/RP37/RB5AVDDAVSSRPI47/PWM1L/T5CK/RB15RPI46/PWM1H/T3CK/RB14RPI45/PWM2L/CTPLS/RB13RPI44/PWM2H/RB12TDI/RP43/PWM3L/RB11TDO/RP42/PWM3H/RB10VCAPVSSTMS/ASDA1/SDI1/RP41/RB9TCK/CVREF10/ASCL1/SDO1/RP40/T4CK/RB8SCK1/RP39/INT0/RB7PGEC2/ASCL2/RP38/RB6 Pins are up to 5V tolerant12345678910111213142827262524232221201918171615dsPIC33EP64MC502-I/SPEE 200 Spring 2014Lecture 7.Digital I/O Ports: Block Diagram32EE 200 Spring