CHAPTER SIXTEEN INTEGRATION OF METABOLISM 1 The liver performs all of the following functions except A Blood glucose regulation B Processing of foreign molecules C Storage of energy in the form of fat D Synthesis of plasma protein E Synthesis of urea 2 During fasting and prolonged starvation skeletal muscle A Protein is degrades to provide amino acids to the liver for gluconeogenesis B Released as fat into the blood for storage in adipose tissue C Is synthesized from blood lactate D Converts glutamine molecules to proline E None of the above are correct 3 The cells that line the small intestine which are responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the body are called 4 The functions of the kidney include all of the following except A Blood pH regulation B Body water regulation C Reabsorption of electrolytes sugars and amino acids from the urinary filtrate D Filtration of blood plasma which results in the excretion of water soluble waste products E Production of urea from ammonia Ans C Ans A Ans E A Adipocytes B Tubule cells C Hepatocytes D Enterocytes E Epithelial cells Ans D 5 The most distinctive characteristic of living organisms is Cellular structure The autonomous capacity to sustain adequate operating conditions Utilization of carbon compounds as food Complex cellular mechanisms Utilizing environmental materials as energy sources Ans B Ans A 6 A simple system for information flow is composed of three components reception transduction and response In multicellular organisms hormones play a role in which phase A Reception B Transduction C Response D Hormones are not involved in the process of information flow E Both A and B are correct 7 In a metabolic steady state the rate of anabolic processes is approximately equal to Catabolic processes Cellular energy needs Nutrient intake Cellular repair and growth B and C Ans A A Peptides B Steroids C Polypeptides D Carbohydrates E A and C Ans E 8 In animals the vast majority of water soluble hormones are 9 The molecules that mediate the growth promoting actions of GH are referred to as the 10 Symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus include all of the following except A Interferons B Mitogens C Insulin like growth factors D Both B and C are correct E None of the above are correct Ans C A Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosis B Hypoglycemia C Hyperlipoproteinemia D Ketoacidosis E Polyuria Ans B 11 Steroid hormones A Are transported in blood attached to transport proteins B Bind to intracellular receptors C Diffuse through the plasma membrane of target cells D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct Ans E Steroids Modified amino acids Carbohydrates Fatty acids Proteins Ans C 12 Which of the following is not a major source of extracellular signal molecules 13 The biological effects of atrial natriuretic factor appear to be mediated by 14 In animals the system has a primary responsibility for co ordinating metabolism A cAMP B cGMP C PIP2 D AG E IP3 Ans B a Nervous b Lymphatic c Hepatic d Endocrine e A and D Ans E Ans C A DRE B DAG C EGF D HRE E IGF Ans D 15 The IP3 receptor A Binds cGMP B Is associated with Gi C Is a calcium channel D Both B and C are correct E All of the above are correct 16 A DNA segment that binds a hormone receptor complex is called a 17 Calmodulin is a A Transmembrane receptor B Calcium binding protein C HSP D Plant hormone E A B and C are correct And B 18 Insulin resistance is A A risk factor for Type I diabetes B A risk factor for Type II diabetes C Caused by excessive production of ANF D Associated with damage to the adrenal gland E None of the above are correct Ans B Plasma membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Cytoplasm Nuclear membrane Ans A A cGMP B cAMP C Calcium D Steroids E Inostol phospholipid system Ans D 20 Which of the following is not a second messenger molecule 19 Receptors for most water soluble hormones are located in what part of the cell 21 The most prominent mechanism to prevent excessive hormone syntheis is Desensitization Downregulation Feedback inhibition Target cell stimulation Sensitization Ans C Glucose oxidase Fatty acid degradation Lactose oxidation Glutamine Alanine Ans D Intestine Stomach Liver Kidney Blood Ans C A Obesity B Desensitizatioin C Down regulation D IDDM E NIDDM Ans D 22 Enterocytes require large amounts of energy supplied by 23 The organ responsible for processing most foreign molecules is 24 Insulin resistance is associated with all of the following except 26 Receptor tyrosine kinases are transmembrane receptors that bind ligands such as 25 Biochemical signal molecules include A Amino acids B Fatty acid derivatives C Steroids D Peptides E All of the above are true Ans E A Insulin B Epidermal growth factor C Platelet derived growth factor D Insulin like growth factor E All of the above Ans E A TSH B cGMP C Proline D Calcium E Both B and D are correct Ans E Liver Kidney Intestine Brain Stomach Ans B 27 Which of the following molecules is a second messenger 28 The organ responsible for the regulation of blood pH is 29 Most diabetic complications are the result of A Glycation B Hyperglycemia C Damage to the vascular system D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct Ans E A Skeletal muscle B Liver C Adipose tissue D Both B and C are correct E All of the above are correct Ans E 30 The principle target tissues of insulin include 31 Animals employing several mechanisms to prevent excessive hormone action and release Examples include which of the following Genetic regulation Feedback inhibition Desensitization Down regulation All of the above are true Ans E Catecholamines Oxytocin Light Dopamine Insulin Ans E 32 Which of the following molecules do GPCRs not respond to 33 Which of the following is a role of PKB Stimulation of glycogen synthesis Inhibition of lipolysis Glucose transport into adipocytes Activation of mTOR All of the above are roles of PKB Ans E 34 An example of a cytokine is Epidermal growth factor Interleukins Interferons Insulin like growth factors B and C Ans E Anemia Ketoacidosis Hypoglycemia Insulin resistance Both A and C are correct Ans B Type I Type II Insulin dependent diabetes Is present in all forms of diabetes Is not a symptom of diabetes Ans B 35 The most serious acute symptom of type 1 diabetes is 36 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non ketosis can occur in type Diabetes 37 During periods of starvation muscle reduces its consumption of glucose This spares its use for which of the following organs Leptin is secreted by