Exam 2 Chapters 8 10 CHAPTER 8 Carbohydrate Metabolism 1 Both glycogenesis and glycogenolysis are controlled primarily by the interplay between the two hormones insulin and 2 Hexokinase D is found in the A Glycogen synthetase B Glucagon C Fructose kinase D Glucose hydrolyase E Pentose kinase A Kidney B Liver C Heart D Muscle E Intestine A Hexolysases B Phosphorolysases C Hexokinases D Glucokinases E Phosphofructokinases A Hydrolysis of PPi B Hydrolysis of ATP C Hydrolysis of ADP D Hydrolysis of UDP E Hydrolysis of UTP A Glycogen synthase B Branching enzyme C Glucose phosphorlyase D Debranching enzyme E Both A and B are correct A Dextrin B Glucose C Amylose 3 An enzyme family called the catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexoses in the body 4 The conversion of glucose 1 phosphate to UDP glucose has a G0 near zero Which of the following reactions is coupled with the above reaction to drive it to completion 5 Which of the following is required for the conversion of UDP glucose to glycogen 6 A glycogen molecule that has been degraded to its branch points is called 7 The glyoxylate cycle is a mechanism whereby plants manufacture carbohydrate from D Limit dextrin E Both A and B are correct A Other carbohydrates B Amino acids C Fatty acids D Carbon dioxide E Phospholipids 8 The binding of insulin to receptors on the surface of muscle cells stimulates which of the following processes A Glycogenolysis B Glycogenesis C Release of ATP D Formation of cyclic AMP E Release of glucagon 9 Under stressful conditions epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla The release of epinephrine has which of the following effects on glucose metabolism A Glycogenolysis is stimulated B Glycogenesis is inhibited C Adenylate cyclase is activated D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct 10 Phosphorylase kinase A Converts inactive phosphorylase b to active phosphorylase a B Converts active phosphorylase a to inactive phosphorylase b C Phosphorylates glycogen synthase D Converts ADP to ATP E Both B and C are correct 11 Cori s disease is caused by A Lack of insulin B Lack of phospholylase b C Lack of glucagons D A deficiency of debranching enzyme E Deficient chromium receptors on the cell surface 12 Which of the following activates phosphoprotein phosphatase A Insulin B Epinephrine C Glucagon D ATP E Both A and B are correct 13 Glucose 6 phosphate is a substrate in which of the following processes A Gluconeogenesis B Glycolysis C Photosynthesis D Glycogenolysis E Both A and B are correct 14 Fructose 2 6 bisphosphate A Is an indicator of high cellular glucose concentration B Is formed by PFK 1 C Activates aldolase D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct 15 The Embden Myerhof pathway is also referred to as A Gluconeogenesis B Glycogenolysis C Glycolysis D Glycogenesis E Citric acid cycle 16 In glycolysis net moles of ATP are produced per mole of glucose consumed 17 In glycolysis moles of NADH are produced per mole of glucose consumed A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 18 The presence of which of the following molecules indicates that the cell has sufficient energy reserves A ATP B Citrate C ADP D Fructose 1 6 biphosphate E Both A and B are correct 20 The first reaction in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by 19 Which of the following enzymes is an oxidoreductase A Aldolase B Triose phosphate isomerase C Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehdyrogenase D Phosphofructokinase E Phosphoglucoisomerase A Ribulose 5 phosphate dehydrogenase B Transketolase C Glucose 6 phosphatase D Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase E Hexokinase 21 Which of the following enzymes catalyzes an irreversible process A Pyruvate kinase B Aldolase C Enolase D Phosphoglycerate mutase E Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase 22 In anaerobic organisms pyruvate is used to regenerate cellular 23 Allosteric regulation of which of the following enzymes is important in the regulation of glycolysis A Hexokinase B PFK 1 C Pyruvate kinase D Both A and C are correct E All of the above are correct 24 Gluconeogenesis occurs primarily in the A NADP B FADH C FAD D NAD E ADP A Brain B Muscle C Liver D Heart E Pancreas 25 Which of the following molecules can be used to synthesize glucose via gluconeogenesis 26 Which of the following is the most important glucogenic amino acid 27 Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by high concentrations of which of the following compounds 28 Which of the following is an oxidizing agent in fermentation A Lactate B Pyruvate C Glycerol D Keto acids E All of the above are correct A Aspartate B Alanine C Glycine D Glutamate E All are equally important A Lactate B Glycerol C Amino acid D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct A Lactate B Glucose C NADH D Pyruvate E ADP A Fructose B Galactose C Mannose D Sucrose E Both A and D are correct A Dihydroxyacetone phosphate B Sedoheptulose 7 phosphate C Fructose 6 phosphate D Xylulose 5 phosphate E Erythrose 4 phosphate 29 In addition to glucose which of the following sugars are important in the human diet 30 Intermediates in the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway include all of the following except 31 The use of a highly exergonic reaction in the beginning of a catabolic pathway is referred to as 32 Aldol cleavage of which of the following sugars will produce one mole each of dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde A Bioactivation B Turbo design C Activation D Glycolysis E Both A and C are correct A Fructose B Glucose C Ribose D Maltose E Trehalose A Glucagon B Insulin C Glucose D ATP E cAMP A Starch B Chitin C Glycogen D Amylose E Amylopectin A Glucose B Fructose C Ribose D Sucrose E All of the above 33 Which of the following is a second messenger in glycogenolysis 34 In animals excess glucose is converted into its storage form 35 The major carbohydrate fuel for most organisms is 36 Which of the following enzymes is not required in gluconeogenesis A Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxekinase B Phosphofructokinase C Pyruvate kinase also in glycolysis D Fructose 1 6 bisphosphatase E Pyruvate carboxylase wrong B C 38 The principal products of the pentose phosphate pathway include 37 The final product of glycolysis is A Dihydroxyacetone phosphate B Pyruvate C Ethanol D Acetyl CoA E Acetaldehyde A NADH B NADPH C ATP D Ribose 5 phosphate E Both B and D are correct A Glucose B Fructose C Glucose 1 phosphate D Both A and C are correct E None of the above is correct 39 Flux of which of the following sugars into the