2 The double bonds in naturally occurring fatty acids are usually isomers CHAPTER ELEVEN LIPIDS AND MEMBRANES 1 Fatty acid groups are referred to as groups A Acetyl B Acyl C Prenyl D Isoprenoid E Isopentenyl A Cis B Trans C Both cis and trans D Essential E Nonessential 3 The essential fatty acids are A Arachidonic acid B Linoleic acid C Linolenic acid D Both A and B are correct E Both B and C are correct 4 Fatty acids react with alcohols to form A Amides B Ethers C Anhydrides D Epoxides E Esters A Ovulation 5 Prostaglandins are involved in B Inflammation C Digestion D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct 6 The functions of fat include A Insulation B Energy storage C Water repellent properties D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct 7 Waxes A Are complex mixtures of nonpolar lipids B Are esters formed from long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols C Contain hydrocarbons sterols and alcohols D Both A and B are correct E Both A and C are correct 9 Phosphatidylcholine is sometimes referred to as 8 Phospholipids are A Structural components of membranes B Surface active agents C Rich energy sources D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct A PIP2 B Cephalin C Ceramide D Cardiolipin E None of the above are correct 10 The myelin sheath A Surrounds nerve cell axons B Contains large amounts of cardiolipin C Facilitates nerve impulse transmission D Both A and B are correct E Both A and C are correct 11 All of the following are glycolipids except A Sulfatides B Cerebrosides C Gangliosides D Both A and B are correct E None of the above are correct 12 The role of very low density lipoproteins is A Scavenging the cholesterol from cell membranes B Transporting of lipids from liver to tissues C Transporting of cholesterol esters to the liver D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct 13 Which of the following statements concerning carotenoids is not true A Carotenoids are the only examples of the monoterpenes B The carotenes are hydrocarbon members of the carotenoids C Xanthophylls are oxygenated derivatives of the carotenes D Carotenoids are orange colored pigments E None of the above are true 14 Which of the following molecules is not a lipid A Fatty acids B Steroids C Isoprenoids D Waxes E All of the above are lipids 15 The basic structure of biological membranes is a consequence of the physical properties of A Proteins B Phospholipids C Cholesterol D Water E None of the above are correct A Phosphatidyl choline B Phosphatidylethanolamine C Fatty acids D Cardiolipin E Unsaturated fatty acids 16 A membrane s fluidity is largely determined by the percentage of 17 In the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure A Proteins form an inner layer between two layers of lipid B Proteins coat an inner layer of lipids C Proteins float in a lipid bilayer D Proteins are covalently bonded to the lipid bilayer E All of the above are true 18 Which of the following statements concerning the anion channel protein is not true A It plays an important role in carbon dioxide transport in blood B It facilitates the chloride shift C Bicarbonate and chloride exchange occurs through the anion channel protein D The N terminal methionine residue of the anion channel protein is prenylated E All of the above statements are true 19 Energy requiring transport mechanisms include A Primary active transport B Diffusion C Facilitated diffusion D Both A and B are correct E Both A and C are correct 20 In simple diffusion a solute A Is propelled by random molecular motion B Moves up its concentration gradient C Moves across a membrane because of an input of free energy D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct 21 Which of the following statements is not true A Membrane potential is an electrical gradient across a membrane B A decrease in membrane potential is referred to as membrane depoalarization C The term repolarization is defined as the reestablishment of the original membrane potential D The diffusion of potassium ions out of a nerve cell make the inside of the membrane negative E The sodium channel in muscle and nerve cells is a voltage gated channel 22 In muscle cells local depolarization caused by acetylcholine binding leads to the opening of the voltage gated channels 23 The function of glucose permease is an example of A Chloride B Potassium C Proton D Sodium E Glucose permease A Primary active transport B Secondary active trasnport C Facilitated diffusion D Simple diffusion E None of the above are true 24 6 Fatty acids A Have a double bond six carbon atoms from the carbonyl end of the chain B Have a double bond six carbon atoms from the methyl end of the chain C Have six double bonds in the molecule D Have three more double bonds than 3 fatty acids E Contain six trans double bonds in the molecule 25 Membrane receptors are transmembrane molecules or molecular complexes that A Monitor and respond to changes in the cell s environment B Bind to hormones or neurotransmitters C Are involved in embryonic and fetal development D Initiate an intracellular response when they bind an appropriate molecule E All of the above are correct 26 Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia A Possess depressed levels of plasma cholesterol B Have missing or defective LDL receptors C Are homozygous or heterozygous for a nonfunctional LDL receptor gene D Have very high levels of serum cholesterol E B C and D are correct 27 Indicate which of the following compounds is a endocannabinoid 28 Low fat diets deficient in essential fatty acids are characterized by which of the following A Oleic acid B Arachidonic acid C Anandamine D Prostaglandin E 3 Fatty acids A Poor wound healing B Alopecia C Dental caries D Ketone bodies E Both A and B are correct 29 Which of the following structural features is not characteristic of TXA2 31 In addition to the prostaglandins and leukotrienes the autocrine regulators include A An ether ring B One OH group C Two double bonds D One double bond E Is derived from arachidonic acid 30 Neutral fats belong to which of the following A Phospholipids B Glycolipids C Prostaglandins D Triacylglycerols E Free fatty acids A Arachidonic acid B Linoleic acid C Thromboxanes D Steroids E All of the above are correct A Triacylglycerols B Fatty acids C Waxes D Phospholipids E Both A and B are correct A Ether B Ester C Amide D Amino E Plasma 32 Choose the lipid class that acts as surfactants 33 Membrane proteins are linked to anchor molecules