CHAPTER EIGHT CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 1 Both glycogenesis and glycogenolysis are controlled primarily by the interplay between the two hormones insulin and 2 Hexokinase D is found in the A Glycogen synthetase B Glucagon C Fructose kinase D Glucose hydrolyase E Pentose kinase Ans B A Kidney B Liver C Heart D Muscle E Intestine Ans B A Hexolysases B Phosphorolysases C Hexokinases D Glucokinases E Phosphofructokinases Ans C A Hydrolysis of PPi 3 An enzyme family called the catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexoses in the body 4 The conversion of glucose 1 phosphate to UDP glucose has a G0 near zero Which of the following reactions is coupled with the above reaction to drive it to completion Ans A 5 Which of the following is required for the conversion of UDP glucose to glycogen B Hydrolysis of ATP C Hydrolysis of ADP D Hydrolysis of UDP E Hydrolysis of UTP A Glycogen synthase B Branching enzyme C Glucose phosphorlyase D Debranching enzyme E Both A and B are correct Ans E A Dextrin B Glucose C Amylose D Limit dextrin E Both A and B are correct Ans D A Insulin B Glucagon C SREBP1c D AMPK E None of the above Ans E 6 A glycogen molecule that has been degraded to its branch points is called 7 Regulation of glycolysis involves all of the following except 8 The binding of insulin to receptors on the surface of muscle cells stimulates which of the following processes 9 Under stressful conditions epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla The release of epinephrine has which of the following effects on glucose metabolism A Glycogenolysis B Glycogenesis C Release of ATP D Formation of cyclic AMP E Release of glucagon Ans B A Glycogenolysis is stimulated B Glycogenesis is inhibited C Adenylate cyclase is activated D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct Ans E 10 Phosphorylase kinase A Converts inactive phosphorylase to active phosphorylase B Converts active phosphorylase to inactive phosphorylase C Phosphorylates glycogen synthase D Convets ADP to ATP E Both B and C are correct Ans A 11 Cori s disease is caused by A Lack of insulin B Lack of phospholylase b C Lack of glucagons D A deficiency of debranching enzyme 13 Glucose 6 phosphate is a substrate in which of the following processes E Deficient chromium receptors on the cell surface Ans D 12 Which of the following activates phosphoprotein phosphatase A Insulin B Epinephrine C Glucagon D ATP E Both A and B are correct Ans A A Gluconeogenesis B Glycolysis C Photosynthesis D Glycogenolysis E Both A and B are correct Ans E 14 Fructose 2 6 bisphosphate A Is an indicator of high cellular glucose concentration B Is formed by PFK 1 C Activates aldolase D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct Ans A 15 The Embden Myerhof pathway is also referred to as A Gluconeogenesis B Glycogenolysis C Glycolysis D Glycogenesis E Citric acid cycle Ans C A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 Ans B A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 Ans B A ATP B Citrate 16 In glycolysis net moles of ATP are produced per mole of glucose consumed 17 In glycolysis moles of NADH are produced per mole of glucose consumed 18 The presence of which of the following molecules indicates that the cell has sufficient energy reserves C ADP D Fructose 1 6 biphosphate E Both A and B are correct Ans E 19 Which of the following enzymes is an oxidoreductase A Aldolase B Triose phosphate isomerase C Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehdyrogenase D Phosphofructokinase E Phosphoglucoisomerase 20 The first reaction in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by A Ribulose 5 phosphate dehydrogenase B Transketolase C Glucose 6 phosphatase D Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase E Hexokinase 21 Which of the following enzymes catalyzes an irreversible process A Pyruvate kinase B Aldolase C Enolase D Phosphoglycerate mutase E Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase Ans C Ans D Ans A 22 In anaerobic organisms pyruvate is used to regenerate cellular 23 Allosteric regulation of which of the following enzymes is important in the regulation of glycolysis A Hexokinase B PFK 1 C Pyruvate kinase D Both A and C are correct E All of the above are correct 24 Gluconeogenesis occurs primarily in the A NADP B FADH C FAD D NAD E ADP Ans D Ans E A Brain B Muscle C Liver D Heart E Pancreas Ans C 25 Which of the following molecules can be used to synthesize glucose via gluconeogenesis A Lactate B Pyruvate C Glycerol D Keto acids E All of the above are correct Ans E A Aspartate B Alanine C Glycine D Glutamate E All are equally important Ans B A Lactate B Glycerol C Amino acid D Both A and B are correct E All of the above are correct Ans E A Lactate B Glucose C NADH D Pyruvate E ADP 26 Which of the following is the most important glucogenic amino acid 27 Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by high concentrations of which of the following compounds 28 Which of the following is an oxidizing agent in fermentation 29 In addition to glucose which of the following sugars are important in the human diet 30 Intermediates in the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway include all of the following except Ans D A Fructose B Galactose C Mannose D Sucrose E Both A and D are correct Ans D A Dihydroxyacetone phosphate B Sedoheptulose 7 phosphate C Fructose 6 phosphate D Xylulose 5 phosphate E Erythrose 4 phosphate Ans A A Bioactivation B Turbo design C Activation D Glycolysis E Both A and C are correct Ans B 31 The use of a highly exergonic reaction in the beginning of a catabolic pathway is referred to as 32 Aldol cleavage of which of the following sugars will produce one mole each of dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde A Fructose B Glucose C Ribose D Maltose E Trehalose Ans A A Glucagon B Insulin C Glucose D ATP E cAMP Ans E A Starch B Chitin C Glycogen D Amylose E Amylopectin Ans C A Glucose B Fructose C Ribose D Sucrose E All of the above Ans A 33 Which of the following is a second messenger in glycogenolysis 34 In animals excess glucose is converted into its storage form 35 The major carbohydrate fuel for most organisms is 36 Which of the following enzymes is not required in gluconeogenesis A Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxekinase B Phosphofructokinase C Pyruvate kinase also in glycolysis D Fructose 1 6 bisphosphatase E Pyruvate carboxylase Ans B wrong answer B C 37 The final product of glycolysis is A Dihydroxyacetone phosphate B Pyruvate C Ethanol D Acetyl CoA E Acetaldehyde Ans B A NADH B NADPH C ATP D Ribose 5 phosphate E Both B and D are correct Ans E 38 The principal products of the pentose phosphate