Chapter 1 The Fundamentals of Fashion Fashion is a reflection of CTE 2800 Final Exam o Social forces religion class o Economic forces depression etc o Political forces wars royalty o Artistic forces music movies red carpet French Fashion Terms opposite of RTW apparel made to a customers special o Custom made orders cut and fitted to individual measurements that make clothes to order o Couture Couturier male version of couture Couturiere female version of couture French word for dressmaking applied to fashion businesses o Folk Costume vary from countries or were cast off clothing from the rich elaborate peasant clothing passed through generations Rich didn t want similar dressing to peasants so they started wearing more simple less elaborate clothing o Middle Class middle class had money to spend on clothing and it gave middle class power to spend money of luxuries in life like better clothing began to influence fashion trends Overview of the history of fashion o Industrial Revolution America didn t have a textile industry imported everything Power loom Edmund Cartwright Caused modern textile industry more fabrics developed in less time England England passed laws to prevent textile industry from leaving Samuel Slater memorized machinery and created new ones in America creating cloth production in America Francis Cabot Lowell first power loom first factory to have vertical operations from raw fiber to finished cloth Relocated to South for cheaper labor and cotton source south became center of textile production Traveling Peddlers fairs and bazaars brought clothes to markets expensive goods only shown to wealthy customers prices bargained General Stores large settlement in towns established to cater to desire for wider assortments of merchandise Department Store carried wide variety of merchandise derived from general stores Specialty Stores traditional handicraft stores o 19th Century Retailing o Early Mail Order Merchandising Majority of people lived in country Aaron Montgomery had idea to sell directly to them by mail distributing catalog Sears Roebuck and Co Roebuck joined Sears to sell jewelry sold catalogs usually referred to as wish books dream books o Communications Desire for fashion increased by increased availability Fashion magazines spread latest ideas from Paris by sketches o Garment Industry Conditions and descriptions Immigrants came to New York and was used for cheap labor to grow industry Sweatshops conditions became appalling long hours low wages unsanitary conditions 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Doors bolted so workers couldn t leave caused 146 deaths Public indignation better working conditions increased labor costs and shorter hours added to inevitable simplification of fashion WW1 WWII Women entered workforce needed appropriate clothing Resembled menswear more tailored less decorative o No more corsets hemlines rose skirts widen for movement Europe had little supplies for fashion and designers couldn t stay in business Americans had to find own style because they had no more inspiration and brought American Designers to forefront Nearly 1 3 of RTW manufacturers out of business People went to films to escape reality wanted to dress like Effects of Depression favorite stars Post War Fashion Families wanted to move to suburbs for better place to grow up Informality of suburbs popularity of casual sportswear and more new wash and wear more convenient shopping centers 60 s young Popularity of youthful look made all women want to look Mod look put together odd separates flea market finds miniskirts tights unusual fabrics Men s clothing became more colorful didn t last too long 70 s 80 s Boutiques became popular because they wanted unique pieces larger stores started creating smaller boutiques Antifashion occurred wars riots assassinations etc made people turn away from showy displays of frivolity became popular to look poor Denim shopping at thrift stores became popular Women became more powerful popular in workforce power suit created Fashion became a global phenomenon increased imports of textiles apparel accessories Fashion industries expanded too quickly USA became overstored 90 s 21st Century Rough Economy consumers became value oriented Retailers had to work very hard to win back customers amazing customer service private label collections Fashions are similar worldwide Buying less clothing Most manufacturing done outside of US for cheaper labor costs Chapter 3 Fashion Change and Consumer Acceptance 4 components of fashion Fashion o Style the style s most popular at the given time 4 components any particular characteristic or look in apparel or accessories a Style number used to identify it throughout production marketing retailing b Designs that have same characteristics c A persons individual style or a certain look d Stylist helps edit designers collection flattering clothes for celebrities to wear put together looks for photographs o Change o Acceptance changes because it reflects changes in lifestyle s and current events peoples needs change people get bored style considered fashion degree of acceptance provide clues to fashion trends to come acceptance of a style is consumers buying it making a o Taste individuals preference for one style over another o Introduction typically introduces at high price level created by changing elements line color shape fabric production costs high production costs are high few people can afford it o Increase in Popularity new styles are worn by celebrities on TV magazines to attract attention of general public popular styles are copied or adapted by mainstream to make available to general public Fashion Cycles Length of Cycles o Peak in Popularity in such demand that more manufacturers copy or produce adaption s of it at many different price levels o Decline in Popularity so many mass produced copies are made that fashion conscious people look for new consumers will still wear garments in this style just not willing to buy them at regular prices sales o Rejection of a Style or Obsolesce rejection or discarding of a style because it is out of fashion begin to look for new looks starting a new cycle o Classics some styles never become completely obsolete remain more or less accepted for a period of time typically simplistic in design keeping it from being easily dated o Fads short lived fashions lack design strength to hold consumer attention for a long period of time typically mass produced and enter market