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Introduction & Overview of the Textiles, Apparel, Retail and Auxiliary Industry & Career1. Fashion- the prevailing style at a given time2. Style- the specific design or a look3. Design-a specific version of a style4. Trend- the direction fashion is moving5. Fad- short lived style or fashion6. Classic- enduring style that lasts over a period of time7. Clothing- any covering to the body8. Apparel- constructed garments9. Dress- all ornamentation and body coverings10. Silhouette-physical shape or lines of style11. Marketing- activities involved in conceiving a product and/or service & directing the flow of goods from producer to the consumer, including product development, pricing, promotion and distribution12. Merchandising- buying and selling of goods for the purpose of making a profit. (the rights)13. Retailing- procuring goods &/or services from various resources and distributing them through retail outlets14. 5 rights of merchandisingMerchandiseTimeQuantityPlacePrice (people & products)Consumer Behavior, Adoption & Industry Forecasting1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (from bottom to top)-Basic physiologicalsafety & securitylove & belongingesteemself actualization 2. Diffusion- spread of an innovation within and across social systems3. Fashion Innovation- a style or design perceived as new4. The Fashion/Product Life Cycle-stages- Introduction, rise, peak/plateau/maturation, decline, obsolescence5. 3 Major Fashion Theories-trickle down: hierarchical, oldesttrickle up: bottom up, sub-cultural, from streetstrickle across: simultaneous, newest6. Cycles of Fashion-recurring: style resurfacesbroken or interrupted: stop, then resurgencecycles within cycles: style remains, but elements change7. Forecasting- predicting/determining what the wants and needs of the consumer will be based on research & analysis of past behavior, current situations and conditions, and goals set.Historical Development of the Industries1. Industrial Revolution- How did impact textile production?1770-18503 major British technological inventions (smelting iron to coke, steam engine)textile machinery from England alsoafter the revolution- cartwright’s power loom2. Flying Shuttle- It allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics, and it could be mechanized, allowing for automatic machine looms, Kay, 17733. Spinning Jenny- multi-spool spinning frame. Reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn. Hargreave, 17644. Water Frame- name given to the spinning frame, when water is used to power it. Arkwright, 17695. Eli Whitney- invented the “cotton gin” which revolutionized the use of cotton and began the South’s role in textiles—cotton was king6. Factory System- earliest factories and mills in NE/MA & MaineSamuel Slater set up a spinning mill 1791Factory system modeled after England’s: first animal, then water, then steam to our eventual use of electricitywool was the fiber used in the northmill townssweatshop conditions often deplorable: hours, children, safety, etc.7. Piecework system of production- (RTW)menswear first: sailors, slops, army, workerswomenswear: skirts and shirt (waists)8. Triangle shirtwaist factory fire- caused unions to be formed, laws passed to help (1900): labor, safety, wages, etc.9. Department stores- (1850-1920s) a store with many departments under one roof that revolutionized retailingearly US department stores- John Wanamaker (Philly), Macy’s, L & T, Bloomingdale’s (NYC), Filene’s (Boston)10. Catalogs- sears Roebuck and Co. (began as catalog, then store), JC Penney (began as store, then catalog), Montgomery Ward (catalog)Organizational structures and frameworks1. Review files on blackboard course site as discussed in classThe Textiles Industry1. Mills- a factory that houses spinning and weaving machinery2. Jobbers/Brokers- a middleman between the producer and the commercial consumer3. Converters- textile producers that buy greige goods from mills and dyes, prints, and finishes it before selling it to a manufacturer4. Exporters/importers- those in charge of bring textiles in/shipping textiles out of the country5. Dyers/printers- the people in charge of dying and printing the fabrics6. Wholesalers- buy and store goods in large quantities from their manufacturers or importers, andthen sell smaller quantities to retailers, who in turn sell to the general public. Retailers may also buy directly from manufacturers.7. Fiber- the raw material, and base textiles element8. Yarn- made from twisted or spun fiber9. Fabric production- the production of fabric10. Fabric finishing- the last treatments given to fabrics11. Greige/Gray Good- un-finished (ex. Cotton… muslin)12. Natural Vs. Manufactured/synthetic Fibers-natural: produced by nature (cotton, linen, silk, wool)manufactured: man-made (synthetic, regenerated, non-wovens, etc.)13. Leather and fur industries- expensive, time consuming, not widely accepted (PETA), associated with wealth14. Home-The Apparel/Manufacturing Industry1. The apparel industry- the manufacturers, jobbers, and contractors engaged in manufacture of clothing (also called the garment business, the needle trades, the rage trade) a global economic enterprise, where costs and efficiency help determine what and where certain products will be made, factoring in quality and affordability.2. The LARGEST SEGMENT of the FASHION INDUSTRY that PRODUCES APPAREL- NAICS (the North American Industry Classification System) & SIC3. Also referred to as “manufacturing” and “production”4. “sourcing”- the worldwide search for the best available fabrics or garment production at the best price5. The Structure- apparel categories structured to differentiate (body type, style/classification, price)6. Apparel segments-7. Price- budget, moderate, better, bridge, designer RTW, couture8. Style/classifications- sportswear, outerwear, special occasion, sleepwear, underwear, swimwear,active wear, accessories, etc.Fashion level- high fashion, mass fashion9. Body types (men’s, women’s, children’s, tall, petite, ladies, juniors, youngmen)-Men’s- young men’s, tall, bigWomen’s- missy, jrs, women’s, petite, tallChildren’s- infant’s, toddlers, girls, boys10. Beauty, footwear, accessories- other divisions in the manufacturing industry besides clothing11. Trademarks- identifying logo, symbols, words, slogans12. Royalties- % obtained from use13. Patents- registered ownership14. Copyrights- not styles, but original designs may be protected15. Branding a target


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FSU CTE 2800 - Study Guide

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