Progressivism at the National Level Types of reforms 1 Taft a Expected to follow TR s footsteps b Gets presidency c Brutally honest and aristocratically disdainful of wooing people i He though American republic was a hypocrisy d Disagreed with TR on the role of government e Take Advice From Teddy i Some topics he didn t know about but he wouldn t ask for help either ii Caused tension in the republicans 1 Conservative a This was Taft s side 2 Liberal reforms f Roosevelt embraced use of government to bring about change i Taft lacked that faith that government could make reform Economic Regulation 1 Taft busted double the number of trusts that Teddy did 2 All about competition in products a Teddy was more on the side of the businesses and used threats b Taft realized that threats of busting wouldn t get anywhere 3 Mann Elkins Act a Telephone and telegraph under Interstate Commerce Commission just like railroads 4 Commerce Court where people can appeal a But they re by conservatives and almost always rule for conservatives Social Regulation 1 Taft s mine and rail safety measures 2 Children s Bureau a To protect working kids b First time a government agency is started and headed by women 3 Employer s Liability a If you can t get bigger changes on a national level you start with government so government employees were first b Established 8 hour workday for government 4 16th and 17th amendment Income tax a b Direct election of senators 5 Mann Act of prostitution and human trafficking ICC began to govern it a b But this was a national problem Executive Action 1 Dollar diplomacy a Taft says goal of US diplomacy is order abroad by exporting our commercialism b Argues for American private capital to send oversees Conservation 2 Ballinger Pinchot Affair a Pinchot was head of department of forestry i Appointed by Taft to Sec of Interior ii Friends with Teddy iii Took lots of acres of land away from companies for b Ballinger took lots of land and sold it to J P Morgan even though it was conservation preserved c Taft fires Pinchot and pisses off Teddy d Muckrakers took Taft to the press 3 Conserved more land than Roosevelt Election of 1912 1 The people wanted teddy back a He had been hunting in Africa b He decided to run again i He was in a car on his way to give a speech ii People were so excited iii Shot at point blank range 1 His 50 page speech folded up in his pocket with his glasses 2 This held the bullet back from him 3 Tested himself to see if he had punctured a lung a He was fine and still gave his whole speech 4 He bled a little and used a handkerchief to cover the 5 blood It takes more than a bullet to take down a bull moose a Progressives were then called the Bull Moose party b First time for a third party to get second in an election but he split the ticket and lost to Wilson Woodrow Wilson 1 Democrat 2 Idealistic a Not pragmatic b Grand aspirations a 1st president since Adams to address the public and congress In all his policies i ii He was trained as an academic professional 1 Historian at Princeton and president there c Works with and within his party to get stuff done i Admires Teddy in Public persuasion ii Spends time talking to Congress 3 Expanded executive power 1 Expands the broker state a Politically controlled and directed economic development i He had more freedom to do this because democrats didn t care too much about business ii Wanted to be a servant rather than a boss of the people b Bureaucratic reform form the Bully Pulpit c Distrustful of federal power Economic Regulation 1 The new freedom a Tariff b Banking c Anti trust 2 Created Federal Reserve Act a Tariffs reduced and new income tax b Money backed by 40 gold i Stayed under gold standard until Nixon c 12 new regional banks reporting back to the Fed 3 Clayton Antitrust Act a Protect labor unions against Morgan and Rockefeller b Not labor union s fault if trade was restrained c Outlawed use injunction unless personal property being threatened d Given authority from government 4 Federal Trade Commission 5 J P Morgan and Rockefeller had all these companies and directorates sitting on their boards Conservation 1 Naming national parks 2 Hetch Hetchy River a Dammed for San Francisco Social Regulation 1 Keating Owen Child Labor act a First one b SC ruled it unconstitutional c Selling children across states lines was interstate 2 18th and 19th amendment a Prohibition i Volstead Act first ii Only prohibits sale and importation of alcohol not the drinking or production of it iii Speak easies b Suffrage 3 Harrison Act Women s Issues 1 Cult of True Womanhood a Piety b Purity c Submission d Domesticity i Always in the private sphere of the house 2 Women s Christian Temperance Union a Francis E Willard i Wanted to know why mom couldn t vote ii Heard about WCTU growing up 1 Prohibition under her presidency iii Becomes largest women s union ever b 18th Amendment c Used the argument of temperance affecting private sphere i To get into public sphere ii Child labor iii Marriage matter d Riding bikes and other leisurely pleasures 3 Divorce a 1 in 16 marriages ended in divorce b 1 in 12 ten years later c 1 in 2 now d More women working more in cities i They have more control of their lives ii They re more informed iii Talking more about their issues e States differed in their states i Some said no divorce ii Some had lots of ways to divorce iii Vegas 1 Quick marriage 2 Easy divorce 3 Prostitution is legal 4 Birth Control a Beginning i Egypt 1 Birth control ii King Charles 1 Created condoms iii 1800s no legal birth control so less sex 1 Average was 5 kids 2 Birth control decreases it to 2 b Comstock Act i Got rid of anything giving an immoral image ii Porn iii Birth control iv Condoms c Margaret Sanger i Her mom had 18 pregnancies in 22 years 1 Only 11 came to term 2 Abortions on the rest 3 Died of TB ii Margaret had to care for all these kids 1 Became a midwife and saw many others die from this iii Women Rumble 1 Her magazine advocated birth control 2 Arrested and forced out of the US for a year 3 Opened first birth control clinic a Police close it for creating a public nuisance 4 Back in jail a Hunger strike for 11 days b Released and gets lots of publicity 5 Speaking tours a Gets congress to overturn the clause 6 1940s is when birth control clinics open 7 Birth control available in 1954 legally a Only for married women Sister Carrie Iron Jawed Angels World War I What would make you go to war What …
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