Feb 16 Leader Member Exchange LMX 1 Role making processes between a leader and each individual follower and the exchange relationship that develops over time a Both directive and prescriptive 2 Dimensions of a leader a Leader and follower i Overlap in dyadic relationship b A leader has a different relationship with each follower 3 Vertical dyad linkage VDL a Focused on how we interact with each of our followers b Two general types of linkages 1 Based on expanded and negotiated role responsibilities 2 Taking time to get to know them 1 Based on formal employment contract 2 Just working for someone without getting to know them 4 What happens to followers when leaders form in groups and out groups i In group ii Out group a In groups i Followers 1 Willing to do more 2 Innovative approaches 3 Get more responsibility 4 Receive more opportunity 5 Get time support from leader 6 Easy to tell if you re in the in group ii Leader 1 Provides attention 2 Responds to needs and feelings 3 Assigns high priority task 4 Rewards efforts in the group 5 Harder to know the difference between your in group and out group a Can cause problems between the two b Out groups i Followers 1 Operate strictly to prescribed roles 2 Only do what is required 3 Get fair treatment but no special attention 4 Get standard benefits 5 You definitely know you re in the out group and it effects your performance a You may go above and beyond but usually not in areas that the leader sees as important ii Leader 1 Provides standard benefits for completion of formal requirements 2 Does not entirely trust the out group members 3 Less likely to consult with members of the out group 5 Leadership making a How to get away from LMX leadership i Walk through these phases with your followers 1 Can take up to 6 months ii Stranger phase 1 Rule bound 2 Contractual relationship 3 Lower quality exchanges 4 Motives of follower directed towards self interest iii Acquaintance phase 1 Sharing more resources 2 Testing period for follower a Take on more roles and responsibilities b Trial run of in group 3 New ways of relating iv Mature partnership phase 1 High degree of mutual respect and trust 2 Can depend on each other 3 Move beyond own self interest v This is a way to get out of junior high b LMX develops over time i Group is determined within 2 weeks to 6 months ii LMX is pretty stable over the course of time iii Can be context driven 1 May be in friendships teacher and students etc 2 Or what task is being done 6 Over all LMX leaders should a Not focus on differences of in and out groups b Create special relationships with all followers i Like in groups c Offer all opportunities for new roles and responsibilities d Nurture high quality exchanges with all followers e Build trust with everyone 7 DWYSYWD a TEST QUESTION b Do what you say you will do c Don t over promise and under deliver Feb 18 Leadership behaviors 1 Decision making a Hardest thing that a leader has to do b Leadership continuum i Leader centered 1 Authoritative a A b Telling leader c Leader knows the problem and all the solutions d Leader decides and tell the group i What when and how to do the project e Work best when there is a time crunch or crisis i Easy to take charge and get people going f Good in military or emergency situations g Coercion may be used h Can do this without alienating your followers 2 Political a B b Selling leader c Knows the problem and the solutions d Leader motivates or persuades the group to do what the leader wants 3 Evaluative 4 Participative a C b Testing leader c Leader knows the problem and all the solutions d Leader asks the group what they think about the solutions and invites questions e Leader picks the solutions i Other answers may or may not change the leader s mind f First to actively get the participants to engage g Happens with interns and their supervisors a D b Consulting leader c Leader knows the problem but not all of the solutions i May have a tentative decision made based on their knowledge d Leader asks the group for ideas e Leader makes the decision f Surrounds self with people that are smarter or have more knowledge or experience in certain areas g Like the President and his Cabinet 5 Laissez faire a E b c Doesn t know the problem Joining leader d Members define the problem and create solutions e Members decide what to do f The leader only facilitates the process g Leader may not have the knowledge to do it properly so they hand it over h Leader could also be lazy and want to let others do it ii Group centered iii Work your way up or down between leader and group a Leader s have to deal with being resented for treating followers like 2 Thoughts centered subordinates b Environmental issues c Freedom of the leader i Are they at they top or are they passing it down from somewhere else ii Problems when not natural 1 We are naturally one of these decision making types 2 If we try to change it seems not authentic and people try not to take you seriously 3 You can usually move one up or one down without using effectiveness Feb 23 online lecture Task and Relationship the Beginnings of style models 1 Test 1 5 Never Always Show flexibility in making decisions 2 a Tell group members what they are supposed to do 3 b Act friendly with members of the group 5 c Set standards of performance for group members 4 d Treat others fairly 5 e Develop a plan of action for the group 5 f g Encourage group members to do high quality work 5 h Help group members get along 3 i Make your perspective clear to others 4 j Communicate actively with group members 5 k Add even add odd l Task is odd relationship is even i Task 21 ii Relationship 20 2 Task a Facilitate goal accomplishment b Help group members achieve their objectives c Leader defines role of the followers telling them i What ii When iii How iv Where d Occurs when i Task is very important ii People involvement is low iii Follower knowledge skills and or abilities are low 1 If they need direction 3 Relationship the situation a Help followers feel comfortable with themselves each other and with b Help group members function as effective team members c Leader acts as a facilitator d Occurs when i Task is not as important as getting followers involved ii Follower knowledge skills and or abilities are high 4 University of Michigan a Rensis Likert in the late 40s to 50s b Looked at goal orientation c Classify leaders as effective and ineffective by comparing behaviors of effective and …