HIST 2620 1nd EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 15 - 27Lecture 15 (Topic 7)World War I Significances- 9 million dead and 7 million crippled; this war Russian Revolution; four Empires collapsed: Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman; Anti-Colonial revolts-created uprising within enemy’s countries; Great Depression afterWWI; U.S. became the largest creditor nation- we held the allies money and gave loans to those countriesArchduke Franz Ferdinand -Franz Ferdinand was the Austrian Heir-he went to Serbia to check on military maneuvers-Gavrilo Princip, an assassin of Black Hand shot him-Austria’s threatens Serbia as punishment-Russia allies with Serbia along with France, Great Britain and later the U.S.-Austria’s alliance was Germany, Hungary, and the Ottoman EmpireLecture 16 (Topic 7) Schlieffen Plan -the plan was to attack France before Russia started to move their army near the German border; they believed it would take six weeks to execute the plan -wanted to fight the French first because the Russians were 100 years behind on everything military equipment -to get to France the Germans had to go through Belgium—who wouldn’t let them through without a fight-Two problems: the battle in Belgium delayed them to finish their battle with the Frenchin six weeks and Belgium they would have less troops going to Russia Battle of Marne -first battle the French fought with the Germans-Trench Warfare started which caused a stalemate so new technology was invented such as rifles, machine guns, tanks, grenades and gasesLecture 17 (Topic 7)Home Front -violated civil liberties-Wilson tried to stamp out anit-war movements-Wave of anit-german sentiment was the movement that took anything German away; example would be Robert Prager-he made a German related comment so he was lynched because of it and he had to write a letter to his parents to notify them what he said-Espionage and Sedition Acts were created to prevent interference with military recruit and to prevent anyone from speaking out against the government or military Wilson’s 14 points1. Freedom of the seas-stop sea warfare2. Free trade-open door policy3. Open public diplomacy-everyone should know what everyone is going to do4. International organization “League of Nations”-to resolve disputes 5. Universal self-determinism -Wilson favored international organization; it was the only point that got approved; the U.S. congress said no so we didn’t get to follow through with itLecture 18 (Topic 8) Red Scare-battle over radicalism-A nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents suddenly grabbed the American psyche in 1919 following a series of anarchist bombings -Palmer Raids: were attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell PalmerProhibition -Jan. 16 1920 all of the bars, saloons and any other public place that served alcohol were shut down-Carrie Nation created the anti-saloon league, women were huge supporters because they were tired of dealing with their drunk husbands who would abuse them-support from Protestant ministers and their congregations, especially Methodists, Baptists, Disciples and Congregationalists-It resulted as the 18th Amendment in 1920-Some differences that it made: it changed drinking habits, created new and better drinks, fostered political corruption and contempt the law-alcohol was brought back during the Great Depression because of how miserable people werePan-Africanism -founded by Marcus Garvey who was from Jamaica-told followers historical figures and biblical people were black-he also said to celebrate their roots; have pride-UNIA- 7 million members; founded grocery and clothing stores operated and used by African Americans; it demonstrated that they could come togetherLecture 19 (Topic 8)Ku Klux Klan -a new version was created of the org; they were anti-everything-they were against Catholics, Jews, immigrants, etc..; they would only accept Anglo-Saxon protestants -two key points: first, the emergence of the film, Birth of a Nation-portrays the blacks raging and acting out of control which brings in the KKK looking as if they “saved the day”, secondly, if a member of the org brought in new members the person who brought in the new members would benefit from it by earning money-they wanted to promote the organization -David Stephenson: a leader of the Klan, he contributed by selling the uniforms, in 1925 he becomes attracted to a librarian, he orders men to capture her, put her on a train which is where David rapes her throughout the train ride, he is put on trial, he defends himself by saying he will disclose all of the information he has on the government, so the government ended up not punishing him Immigration -Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti robbed a shoe store factory payroll and killed the paymaster; two weeks later the police arrested them; they were still convicted of murder and sentenced to death; they demonstrated how much America didn’t like immigrants -Immigration Act of 1924- United States federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890; this mostly affected southern Europeans and RussiansReligion-Darwin published a book that started a big controversy which explained the theory of evolution-Protestants split: modernists-religions has to change to accommodate science; began to see the creation story in the bible as a metaphor; fundamentalists- rejected what modernists believed; they believed the age of miracles wasn’t overScopes Monkey Trial- high school teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school -Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, -William Jennings Bryan argued for the prosecution while Clarence Darrow, the defended Scopes Politics -Democratic Convention of 1924- they had to agree on a candidate but because both parties disagreed over everything, finding a candidate was impossible for them; they were discussing whether or not to condemn the KKK, the vote came to a split vote, so they did not condemn theorg.; it demonstrated how divided the Democrats were; Al Smith was an Irish Catholic, William McAdoo was a southern white-John