HIST 2620 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 14Lecture 1 (Topic 1)Four themes focused on in class: American Sense of Mission, American Imperialism, Capitalism/Consumerism and Racism/Prejudice/Ethnic HatredAmerican Sense of Mission-Thomas Paine thought there was a need to leave Britain to become the best nation-The Puritans were a group of people who believed it was there job to reform the Church-they failed numerous times in England, so they traveled across the Atlantic to form a new colony-John Witherow made a speech stating that it was essential for them to succeed because they needed to show England they can achieve this goal; “City Upon a Hill”-Secularization- to set religious values aside and focus on non-religious values such as governmentLecture 2 (Topic 1) American Imperialism -other nations view us as an Empire because that is how we have acted from the beginning-Imperialism is the policy or practice of extending the power of a nation wither by direct territorial or by having control over political or economic life of areas-19th Century- the U.S. has always been seen as an impenitent imperialism meaning we don’t express our regrets for sins or offenses-Expansionism-we had the belief that as a country we should grow-Continental Empire- in 1877 we established as an imperialistic force; Thomas Paine believed we needed to build a continental empire in order to lead the world; a “White Man’s Burden” is the duty of whites to civilize the people; Lebensraum means we needed space to have for growing families and immigrants-Examples of 19th Century Imperialism-Treaty of Paris 1783: ended the American Revolution; demanded for the U.K. to give up surrounding land; set out to gain land-Empire for Liberty: Louisiana Purchase; Thomas Jefferson; wanted more land-War of 1812: wanted the land around U.S.; invaded Canada to take their land but failed-East and West Florida: Andrew Jackson; invaded Florida while Spain controlled it; wanted California and other west coast lands-Indian Removal: kicked natives out because they wanted their land to grow cotton-Mexican War: U.S. knew the Rio Grande was not the border; convinced Congress to declare war; Mexico attacked us because we knew the truth, they lost and gave us New Mexico, Arizona, California; because of guilt we gave them 15 millionLecture 3 (Topic 1)Capitalism-Charles Beard believed the founding fathers were motivated to write the Constitution because it would allow them to keep their power and wealth; each person had a personal stake when writing the documentRacism-any attitude, action or institutional structure which subordinates a person or group because of his or their color; we are a white man’s societyReconstruction-the goal was to restore the South from the war and move forward toward a more powerful nation-the three answers given during Reconstruction: restore Union with little or no political, economic, or social change in south, restore Union and shift political power in South, not to blacks, but to the poorer whites, Restore Union and bring back extensive political, economic, political and social change in southAnswer 1: Slavery would not exist; status of freedmen in the South would be worked out by the white Southerners who’d controlled South in the pre-war years; little or no interference from outsiders; Lincoln’s plan: offered general amnesty to all who would pledge future loyalty to U.S.; allowed citizens of each southern state to elect a new state government and return to Union once 10% ofthe people who voted in that state in 1860 had taken the loyalty oathAnswer 2: Political power would be taken away from planters and given to yeoman farmers and poor whites of the South; they would determine the status of blacks instead of planters; Andrew Johnson’s plan: favored this plan because he personally represented the poor whites; each state had to reject the Confederate War debt and its own state war debt as a condition ofre-entry into Union; black codes: - laws enacted by southern legislatures to replace the institution of slavery as a labor and social control system..still had to view white men as upper classmenAnswer 3: Radical Republicans took over; their plan was politically, reconstructed South would be a South in which political power would be distributed among whites and blacks. Economically, distribute region’s wealth all of the citizens. Socially, hope to move blacks in reconstructed South toward first class citizenship Major Achievements- 13th, 14th and 15th Amendment, Reconstruction Acts, Freeman’s Bureau-Reconstruction failed because the northerners failed to accept the freedmen and still wanted white supremacyLecture 4 (Topic 2)Populism -Purity Crusade- blue laws: ban and restrict certain activities on Sunday; Women’s Christian Temperance Act: group of women devoted to social reform; purpose was to create a sober and pure world by Christianity; Comstock Act: law stating it was illegal to send any mail with offensive materials or words, conservative-Retreat from civil rights (15 Amendment)-no criminals allowed to vote; changed the ballots by discarding pictures and only use words which benefited the whites to control the blcaks’ votes-Compromise of 1877- Democrats complained Tilden had been cheated of the election; compromise says that Democrats will accept Hayes as President IF republicans would meet their demands; they must remove federal troops from Confederate States; appoint at least one democrat to his cabinet and must build another transcontinental railroad; provide aid to rebuild southLecture 5 (Topic 2)Populist Crusade-Tenant farmers: farmers would get financial help from landowners for the equipment-Crop-lien and sharecropping: they would get money from owners if they would give some of their crops to owners; merchants and landowners would get paid first then the farmers -Debt peonage: whatever a person earned would go towards the debt they owed; laws were passed to prevent people from leaving the county if they owed any moneyLynching-act of violence such as burning, hanging and shooting to intimidate the blacks; served to let the blacks know white people were still superior; a commonplace throughout the nation-Sam Hose- after getting into a disagreement with employer Sam threw an axe at him for defense; he fled to Marshallville where he was captured by the mob; they ignored the authorities and burned him to death-Jesse Washington-