Fashion and Architecture Arches of the door ways match helments and design etc Roaring twenties Skyscrapers were first being built Long lean looks were in Fashion Industry Terminology 4 major segments Textile fiber fabrics Apparel manufacturing Retail Support services Key terms Terms come from different countries most high end came from France Fashion prevailing style at a given time not just clothing food furniture color cars art architecture etc comes from way back sign of royalty apart of cultures about everything not just clothing Soft goods all made of textiles and fabrics Hard goods Paul Nystrom 1920 economist who degined fashion cid 224 Things are in fashion or on trend in style current Style the specific design or look Example a skirt a blouse Design the specific version of a style Example a maxi skirt a sleeve blouse Trend the direction fashion is moving Not what it is now but what it s becoming Example skirts are getting shorter Fad short lived style or fashion Classic basic enduring style that lasts over a period of time opposite of fad Clothing any covering of the body could have been a grass skirt pelt animal covering Apparel constructed garments cut and sewn Dress all ornamentation and body coverings this cultures dress Silhouette Physical shape or lines of style Outline cid 224 FOOTWEAR leader of trend setting because they need to know longer before hand Materials and leather take longer to make produce Marketing Channels Marketing all steps and stages Flow of the goods activities involving conceiving a product and or service and directing the flow of goods from producer to promoting and distribution Merchandising profit buying and selling of goods for the purpose of making a profit the rights Retailing goods reach the consumer procuring goods and or services from various resources and distributing them through retail outlets cid 224 services someone walking your dog do your dry cleaning etc 5 Rights of Merchandising Merchandising what s the right merchandise Time when will it sell Seasons Quantity predict what customers want Place what type of store Where do you want your store to be Price what is a fair price What will your customers pay People and products Environmental Factors Economic financial matters Trade Wage Unemployed will only buy what they need Socio culture occurrences and behavior in society What are the customers doing wanting buying Political Legal governmental influences and laws How the gov is affecting trade in European nations to US etc Technological electronic and scientific advances Updated equipment and software Trade cid 224 a major influence in apparel textiles Business Frameworks of the Textile and Apparel Industry T A Marketing Chain Vertical Integration a company that performs more than 1 function in the chain Example manufacturer s who are also retailers Pg 57 Organizations is a systematic arrangement of PEOPLE to ACCOMPLISH some specific PURPOSE Organizational Structure describes how a company is set up and directed Also aids in monitoring and managing work Organizational Charts Charts depict the organizational hierarchical structure chain of command mgt line and staff relationship between the parts of a company cid 224 made to know who is where in the heirarchiy of the company Paul Mazur 1927 4 5 function retail chart 1 operations 2 publicity promotion 3 merchandising 4 accounting control 5 cid 224 and human resources cid 224 must have 2 to have a retail business operation merchandising most important 5 Function Retail Organizational Chart Structure of types of buisness Sole proprietorship one owner Partnership two or more owners limited unlimited Types of Corporations Public some shares of stock owned by general public Private closed owned by individual not public Multinational more than one country Partnership advantages and disadvantages to all Major Advantages Major Disadvantages Sole Proprietorship Easy to initiate Proprietor makes all decisions Profits belong to proprietor Proprietor must be expert in all areas Limited investment funds Unlimited liability Increased specializations Better credit standing Increase capital Possible personality conflicts Equal liability Each partner legally bound by others actions Owners can leave business by selling stock Expensive High cost of incorporating More regulations on the business Corporation Owners liability limited to investment High taxes Business Expansion Diversification and Growth Mergers blending of companies Consolidations combining with a resulting new company Takeovers one company takes control over another Examples Macy s and Marshall Fields Conglomerates diversified and different business Examples LVMV LV Moet Hermes etc Global Trade Terminology Imports goods bought into a country from another Exports goods sent from a country to another Offshore vs Domestic offshore outside bounds of US or country it s come from cid 224 imports Balance of Trade value between a countries exports and imports favorable vs unfavorable favorable balance of trade more exports than imports good Free Trade doing business without restrictions Trade Terminology Duties Tariffs tax charges levied on imports protective revenue don t want to bring in cotton if we make cotton Quotas regulated quantity allocations of imported goods sets limits Embargo bans imports on certain goods categories and countries not going to take anything from X for X years Governing bodies Global WTO Hemisphere NAFTA North America Free Trade Association w Mexico and Canada By country MFA Apparel Manufacturing Terminology Inside shop company own vs outside shop 3 methods Production package all budget through an agent who manages job Cut make and trim supplies fabric then made Off shore assembly budge and cut US then assembled advantages and disadvantages just like imports exports cid 224 In a factory piece work pay one person to do one thing for an item One person puts front on one does back one does buttons Paid by number of pieces Consumer Behavior Needs vs Wants people need some things and want others Fashion as a Product and a Process Consumers wants needs influence the making of a product The making of products are influenced by 1 social forces 2 cultural forces 3 historic forces 4 economic forces 5 technology Reason for wearing clothing Expression protection function impression relay a message Physical need Protection Psychological needs adornment identification Social needs Modesty status Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs The