AMH 3444 American West Notes from rst list of terms Where open to interpretation Fredrick Jackson Turner rst person to attempt de ning American West 1893 Chicago Expo Signi cance of the Frontier in American History Americans became self reliant more individualistic Class lines failed to develop in West because of this and the pioneers fought for rights of the common man The frontier melded immigrants into Americans West Safety valve Criticisms of Turner Failed to mention the impact of others on the West West founded by groups with sense of community Immigrants retained their identity safety valve not necessary What then is the American West A uid place always changing safety valve Borderlands Self reliance Different political ideology common man vs Industry railroad Popular Culture and the Imagination Geography of West Great Plains less rain from the mountain shadow effect Windmills irrigation enables water pumping from beneath the earth Must use Trains to transports goods rivers to shallow adaptions necessary for any people living on the great plains The Great Basin and Southwest New Mexico Arizona Utah has own unique problems but rich in minerals silver gold tin Northern California Oregon Washington Get all of the rain 140 inches a year woodlands game earliest fur trading industry in United States early 1800s soil is very fertile for crops Southern California Mediterranean climate Rainfall determines the ares that need innovations to live in Spain s New World Empire Agriculture begins 2000 BCE corn in Central America 200AD in North America Anasazi First tribe to use agriculture in north new mexico a drought forces them to move south They become Pueblo and build cities for defense Sioux lakota Indians Northern Great Plains The introduction of the horse to these indians makes them erce warriors Social hierarchy is based on how many horses you have Counting coup Indians thought it was cool to touch an opponent before you kill them Less cohesion in battle and had no set plan Comanche Horse for war Oklahoma through Texas Feared for their aggression from 1850 1860 Lecture 4 Spain s New World Empire Cabeza de Vaca survivor that was kept alive by Indian tribe in Texas escapes to Mexico Local Indians claim seven cities of gold north of Texas This is backed by a Spanish legend so they believe them Francisco Coronado s Expedition 1541 1543 attempt to nd the 7 Cibola cities of gold 230 calvary 60 foot soldiers wars cost money Fails to nd cities but learns a lot about south west from this The Franciscans and the Royal Orders of 1573 No more ill advised conquests Spain is at war with French territory and English religious Church as missionaries will now secure the borders by pacifying the Indians and becoming allies with them incase we are attacked The Franciscans order of the lesser brothers the mobile striking force of the catholic church 1595 move into New Mexico King of Spain is in debt so breaks his own Royal Orders of 1573 by sending a colony into New Mexico in order to support the local Priests salary Juan De Onate wealthy king asks him to lead the new mexico expedition leads 500 colonists he fails King is pissed removed as governor of New Mexico Apache warlike and feared by Spanish in new mexico raid villages farms famine and disease causes natives to distrust Spanish Christianity return to old practices Fransicians go crazy and use spanish army to crack down 400 spanish settlers killed along with 33 priest survivors ed Pope leads Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Apachee start to raid pueblo Pueblo decide spanish were better 1693 Spanish return and reestablish New Mexico and both sides make concessions rebuild churches give up native religion Spanish agree to pay for labor and redouble efforts to protect pueblo indians California and Texas established to protect North New Mexico and silver mines Sieur La Salle travels down the Mississippi returns to france to form expedition Hurricane ship wrecks his ships in Texas Spanish don t know where La Salle is going pissed off soldiers mutiny and return to Canada Lecture Spanish Texas Francisco Hidalgo wants to re establish missions in Mexico Spain says no Asks French their soldiers enter Texas Los Adaes Spanish capital of Texas close to new orleans so that spanish soldiers can watch them French try to ank Spanish in Texas Fighting in Kansas Spanish humiliated Spanish and the Comanches Apachee ask spanish to come north to give them christianity Trick Spanish into entering Comanche territory Russians and California valuable furs in the area Vitus Bering set up the fur trade Spanish afraid that English will use Russian knowledge of American north west to colonize the area and possibly invade mexico Notes from Terms sheet 2 United States in 1783 January 22 2009 Tejas what native americans called texas Spanish Missions in Texas Why were they not successful The Spanish civil authorities saw the missions and presidios as financial drains and were often the early proponents of shutting down the mission activities Almost without exception the decision to secularize was opposed by the friars They felt the Indians were not sufficiently educated and would be taken advantage of by the authorities and the Spanish settlers Thus not until 1830 were the last missions in Texas secularized San Saba Massacre 1758 Comanche destroy this spanish mission and kill everyone because they feel like it is intruding on their territory Vitus Bering Russian explorer in Alaska Northern Cally Juan Bautista de Anza Juan Bautista de Anza Bezerra Nieto July 6 7 1736 1 December 19 1788 was a New Spanish explorer and Governor of New Mexico for the Spanish Empire claims territory east of mississippi and west of Atlantic ocean Iriquoi were the rst tribe to suffer from this land grab placed on reservations Articles of Confederation successful with their land policy Maryland and Delaware can t expand westward so demand other states can t either States can t gain more territory past the mississippi instead as population in these areas rises new states will form Land Ordinance of 1785 determines how land will be surveyed and sold very orderly in square units NW ordinance of 1787 Ohio area 3 5 states and slavery could never exist here Whiskey rebellion If you give anything to ppl out west they are untrustworthy with it Daniel Boone and Kentucky born 1734 in penn moved to frontier region of NC Hunted for a living in 1775 Translavania company sold land in Kentucky to settlers that they bought from