Chapter 11 Mood Disorders Common characteristics primary symptom is a disturbance in mood inappropriate exaggerated or limited range of feelings feelings must be to the extreme Depression among college students 14 9 are diagnosed with clinical depression nearly half of all college students report feeling so depressed at some point in time that they have trouble function nearly 80 of those with depression can make a significant improvement in their life with the proper treatment Seasonal Affective Disorder mood disorder caused by the reduction in hours of daylight triggers the increase in melatonin sleep chemical which causes us to be lethargic and sleepy symptoms sleeping much more than usual and struggling to get out of bed in the morning excessive eating carb craving weight gain expose yourself to light exercise vitamin D Bipolar disorder Bipolar I must have at least one manic episode Mania is the opposite of depression it is a high feeling where the person feels euphoric and it can lead to feeling indestructible in areas such as personal finances business dealings or relationships This high is often followed by an extreme low when the person realizes the consequences of their decisions Bipolar II highs and lows the highs are only hypo manic so they are not as intense Prognosis can be difficult to diagnose due to it being similar to other mood disorders Dysthymic disorder Symptoms depressed mood for most of the day for more days than not for at least two years Under or over eating sleep difficulties fatigue low self esteem difficulty with concentration or decision making feelings of hopelessness Major depressive disorder Symptoms depressed mood reduced interest in activities you used to enjoy sleep disturbances loss of energy difficulty concentrating and making decisions suicidal thoughts Anxiety Disorders Agoraphobia extreme anxiety and fear anxiety about being in places where escape might be difficult of embarrassing which may result in a panic attack Generalized Anxiety Disorder general feelings of anxiety mild heart palpitations dizziness and excessive worry that are not related to a specific event and not as severe as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder obsessions and compulsions they may become disruptive to everyday functioning Panic Disorder sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety usually with numerous physical symptoms heart palpitations rapid breathing blurred vision dizziness and racing thoughts Phobias extreme fear or anxiety associated with an object or situation or avoidance to be diagnosed the symptoms must be disruptive to everyday functioning Posttraumatic Stress Disorder re experiencing a previously experienced trauma through nightmares obsessive thoughts and flashbacks may avoid certain situations people or objects that remind you of the traumatic event increased anxiety in general with heightened startle response Somatoform a mental disorder characterized by symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition or by the direct effect of a substance and are not attributable to another mental disorder Body Dysmorphic preoccupation with a specific body part and the belief that this body part is deformed or defective causes significant distress and impairment in functioning Conversion deficits in voluntary motor or sensory functions which are not intentionally produced but which cannot be fully explained by a physician There must be a significant impairment in functioning or a history of resulting medical treatment and not better explained by another disorder Hypochondriasis pre occupation with fears of having a serious disease based upon a misinterpretation of bodily sensations The preoccupation exists despite assurance from a physician that the individual does not have it Pain Disorder pain that causes significant distress or impairment in functioning that cannot be fully explained by a physician Somatization Disorders lack of explanation for the reported symptoms or for the severity of the complaints Dissociative Disorders conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory awareness identity or perception Dissociative Amnesia memory gaps related to traumatic or stressful events which are too extreme to be accounted for by normal forgetting Dissociative Fugue caused by abrupt travel away from home ex war or leaving home after natural disaster inability to remember important aspects of one s life and the partial or complete adoption of a new identity Dissociative Identity Disorder formerly known as multiple personality disorder existence of more than one distinct identity or personality within the same individual the identities will take control of the person at different times Depersonalization Disorder feelings of unreality that your body does not belong to you or that you are constantly in a dreamlike state Psychotic Disorders Schizophrenia a group of severe brain disorders in which people interpret reality abnormally May result in some combination of hallucinations delusions and disordered thinking and behavior Positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions Delusions beliefs are not based in reality and usually involve misinterpretation of perception or experience most common symptom Hallucinations involve seeing or hearing things that don t exist although hallucinations can be seen in any of the sense Hearing voices is the most common hallucination Thought disorder difficulty speaking organizing thoughts may result in stopping speech midsentence or putting together meaningless words Disorganized behavior ranges from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation Negative Symptoms refer to a diminishment or absence of characteristics of normal function May appear with or without positive symptoms Loss of interest in everyday activity Appearing to lack emotion Reduced ability to plan or carry out activities Neglect of personal hygiene Social withdrawal Loss of motivation Problems with making sense of information Difficulty paying attention Memory problems Cognitive symptoms problems with thought and processes These symptoms may be the most disabling because they interfere with the ability to perform routine daily tasks Paranoid Schizophrenia person loses touch with reality has delusions and hears things that aren t real Your ability to think and function in daily life may be better than with other types of schizophrenia Many not have as many problems with memory
View Full Document
Unlocking...