1 23 Sumerian and greek bilinguals unlikely Perseus kills medusa look at her turn to stone Uses mirror shield flying shoes Myth is group of stories around a central figure Anthromorphism compares growth of plants from clouds to human reproduction Folk tales have happy endings whereas myths don t always 1 28 Powell Chapter 4 Define cosmogony world origin Define theogony gods origin birth of gods In what tradition are these the same In what tradition are they different What is the principal mythological account of the of creation of the world Who wrote it When Theogony Hesiod BC 750 700 BC List three ways in which Hesiod organized traditional stories about the origins of the world and the gods 1 Spatial space between people 2 Genealogy who married who children 3 Organization of theme Cronus Zeus sea Ocean Nereus sky etc Duplicate stories told together What does Chaos mean in Greek Gape yawn to open mouth chasm open space What were the next three divinities to appear after Chaos Where do they end up spatially in relation to one another Gaea eros and tartarus Olympus top gaea middle tartarus bottom Who does Gaea produce with Uranus Name three basic categories of divinity 12 6 male 6 female titans 3 Cyclopes 3 hecatonchires Gaea earth bore Uranus sky asexually Cronus and rhea 2 titans gave birth to the Olympians Cronus eats all his kids out of fear but Rhea hides Zeus the youngest He is fed something that makes him vomit up all his kids plus the rock that Rhea fed him that was to replace Zeus What do the Cyclopes look like 1 eye monster What do the Hecatonchires look like 100 hands 50 heads monster Name two important roles the Titans played in Hesiod s version of the origins of the world To show why Zeus is so important had to go to the origins Titans fighting shaped the world Who are descended from Gaea and Pontus Name two gods demigods and three monsters Nereus Nereids achilles Ceto sea monster gorgons including medusa pegasus Thaumus harpies Sphinx Gorgon woman with snake hair Cerberus dog with three heads Chimera lion with a snake s tail and a goat s head on its back Why does Eros precede the other deities What does he represent He drives the complex genealogies because he s the source of idea that sexual beings together create offspring Sexual love and attraction How is Aphrodite born What does she represent She is born when Cronus genitals falls into the sea or from Dione and Zeus Universal force of irresistible and destructive sexual desire Who are Hyperion s children sun god titan Sun Helius Selene moon Eos dawn What is the Enuma Elish How do events in it relate to those in Hesiod Tiamat saltwater gave birth to gods but also a bunch of monsters like Gaea and Marduk 4 eyed 4 ears handsome warrior kills them like Zeus Who are the Erinyes and what role do they have in myth They are the furies Female spirits who haunts those who shed kindred blood and drives them mad Children born from when Cronus cut off Uranus genitals and the blood drops landed on Gaea represents evilness towards one s family Give two examples of succession stories from Hesiod zeus cronus uranus Name two things that are similar in these stories A woman gave birth to a lot of monsters younger generation fighting the older generation kid overthrowing parent Name one thing that is different method of killing zeus isnt overthrown What is the difference between Hesiod s titanomachy battle of titans and his giantomachy battle of giants Who is Typhoeus Why did Zeus need to fight him Typhoeus is 100 snakes on his head Fight snakes to bring order snakes chaos1 Similar to Marduk killing Tiamat portrayed as snake in art Gaea sent him to kill zeus out of vengeance Name three other heroes who fight snake like monsters in Greek myth Apollo Zeus Hercules Name one similarity between the titanomachy and the battle with Typhoeus How is the story of Typhoeus etiological Who is Metis and what does she represent How does Zeus appropriate her special skill Cleverness Eats her so that she can t bore the child that will overthrow him Who is descended from Metis and Zeus How does her birth put an end to the cycle of succession myths Hesiod tells Athena Because Zeus bore her asexually and also by eating Metis the child that would overthrow Zeus couldn t be born Gaea and Uranus where in constantly interlocked in a sexual embrace so the kids could never go out So cronus cuts off his father s genitals so that they can go out into the world and then earth and sky is permanently separated 1 30 Powell Chapter 5 Who did most ancient Greeks believe was the creator of humankind What was he From what materials did he make humans According to Ovid Prometheus created humans from mud What is the first trick Prometheus plays on Zeus at Mecone Sicyon How is the story of this trick etiological Asks Zeus to choose between Hagus stomach and something like bacon wrapped around a bone But says that Prometheus must have made unequal Still chooses bacon Etiological because has to do with burning down to bones for the gods What are the consequences of this trick Humans lose fire How does Prometheus respond to these consequences describe briefly the second trick he plays on Zeus He hides fire in a fennel and gives it back to humans What other benefits in addition to the one in question 5 did Prometheus confer on humans according to Aeschylus Writing astronomy fire housing math agriculture ships medicine What was the consequence for Prometheus of deceiving Zeus twice Who eventually rescues him He is chained to a rock Heracles eventually rescues him What does the name Prometheus mean What does the name Epimetheus mean Before thought After thought What punishment does Zeus give humans for the benefits they received from Prometheus What author tells this story Pandora Told by Hesiod What does the name Pandora mean What do the gods give to Pandora All gifts They give her a pretty face beautiful clothes morals of a thief soul of a bitch What does Pandora give to humans A box jar filled with evil suffering diseases sadness Name three other women who destroy men in Greek myth Artemis Gaea Why does Hesiod call women a ruinous race and tribe How does Pandora s jar represent all women in Greek thought Bring the problem of reproduction Contribute nothing to production but consume a lot don t do hard work What are the basic elements of a destruction of humanity story angry gods few survivors massive destruction eventual return of humanity List the metals Hesiod uses to