CLCV 115 Exam 3 Material Five Characteristic Aspects of the Greek HeroStrange BirthCircumstancesMonster-SlayingProblems with aWomanHorribleDeathWorshippedas a Demigodafter DeathPerseusDanae impregnated by Zeus (as golden rain); exposed in aboxMedusa Andromeda None Oedipusexposed at birth on Mt. CithaeronSphinx Jocasta (Epicasta)blinded, exiled,disappearsHerculesdelayed delivery; snakes attack him and his twin brotherNemean Lion, Hydra, Erymanthian Boar, Cretan Bull, etc. Deianeira burned to deathBellerophonChimaera Stheneboea blinded, disabledJasonstolen away as an infant; brought up by Chiron the centaurSerpent that guards the golden fleeceMedea ship fell on him Theseusfather “should not loosen the wine-sack until he gets home”Minotaur Phaedra boiled to deathNames to Know: The HeroesArgos Peloponnesus: The large peninsula in the south of Greece that contains Athens, Argos, Sparta, and many others. A geographical area where the Argive Heraion (“Sanctuary of Hera in Argos”) was locatedArgolid: A state in the eastern Peloponnese. Contains Argos.Argos (place): City inside Argolid that contains a large monument to the Argivian Hera, house of Tiles, etc.Inachus: First king of Argos who has a river named after him, which he sacrificed to Hera. Father of Io. The son of Ocean and Tethys. River enabled the inhabitants to flourish through agriculture- Io: priestess of Hera, she was impregnated by Zeus and transformed into a white heifer o Hera put Argos (the beast) in charge of watching it until Hermes killed himo Hera then cursed Io with a gad-fly, causing her to run all the way to Egypt, where someone touches her, causing her to instantly give birth to Epaphus- Argos (beast): 100-eyed giant and servant of Hera. Because he has 100 eyes, he can sleepwith some of them and keep watch with the others. o Assigned by Hera to guard Io, the cow. o Slayed the serpent-legged beast Echidna. o Slayed by Hermes, who put a spell on him that put all his eyes to sleep and then bludgeoned him to death with a rock, and his eyes became those of a peacock’s (Hera’s sacred animal)- Epaphus: Son of Zeus and Io, and a king of Egypto Libya: Ancient term for Northern Africa. Also the name for a daughter of Epaphus who was ravished by Poseidon and bore twins. Isis: Egyptian goddess of health, marriage, and wisdomBa’al: Semitic honorific, similar to “lord”.Hyksos: were a mixed group of Asiatic people from Western Asia who took over the eastern NileDeltaBelus: King of Egypt. Father of Aegyptus and Danaus - Aegyptus: has 50 sons, commanded Danaus to have his daughters marry his sons - Danaus: has 50 daughters, Danaids, built a ship and fled to Argos with daughters to avoidmarriage, commanded the Danaids to kill Aegyptus’ son on their wedding nighto Danaids: 50 daughters of Danaus, after they killed the sons of Aegyptus, they were sent to Tartaruso Hypermnestra: only daughter to refuse to kill her husband on her wedding night, became the ancestors of Perseus, went to Elysium when she died PerseusAcrisius: King of Argos. Oracle at Delphi said he will be killed by his grandson, Danae’s son. Acrisius hid her away in a bronze chamber that was only open to the sky in his courtyard. Zeus impregnates Danae by transforming into a golden shower. Zeus and Danae have the son: Perseus.Acrisius puts Danae and Perseus in a chest and tosses them out to the sea. Zeus has Poseidon rescue them, and the chest ends up on the shore of Seriphos. - Danae: daughter of Acrisius, is impregnated by Zeus, gives birth to Perseus- Perseus: son of Zeus and DanaePerseus: slays medusa, saves Andromeda, and accidentally kills his grandfather, Acrisius, striking him in the head with a discus, fulfilling the oracle.- Founder of Mycenae: an ancient city in Greece near Argos, named after either his sword or a mushroom picked off the ground there - Perseus beheaded Medusa and used her head as a weapon, as it retained its petrifying abilities even after death. Eventually, he gave it to Athena to put on her shield.- Graiai: aka the Grey sisters, three sisters who shared one tooth and one eye above them, knew how to slay Medusa, but didn’t tell Perseus until he stole their communal eye and was passing it around - Gorgons: a trio of female monsters, who have hair made of living, venomous snakes and turned people into stone. Two of them, Stheno and Euryale, are immortal, but the third, Medusa, is not.o Medusa: monster with living, venomous snakes in her hair, gazing directly into her eyes would turn you into stone, beheaded by Perseus  Pegasus: Pure white, winged horse, means “he of the fountain”, Medusa was pregnant with him when she was killed - Captured by the hero Bellerophon, the two defeated the Chimera and had many other exploits together. The hero fell off Pegasus’ back as they flew up to Olympus, though. Zeus transformed Pegasus into a constellation. Apotropaic: A type of magic used to ward off evil. Reliefs of Medusa’s head are often used for this purpose.- Gorgoneion: an apotropaic amulet with a Gorgon head. - Cassiopeia: mother of Andromeda. Similar to Niobe, she boasted that her child was better than the gods, and was ordered to sacrifice her to a sea monster as punishmento Andromeda: Daughter of an Ethiopian king, Cepheus, and Cassiopeia Her mother’s hubris leads her to boast that Andromeda is more beautiful than the Nereids. Poseidon sends a sea monster, Cetus, to ravage her as punishment. Andromeda is stripped naked and chained to a rock as sacrifice, but Perseus saves her on his way back from slaying Medusa. He later takes her as his wife.o Cetus: Sea monster sent by Poseidon under the influence of Hades to ravage Andromeda. Slayed by PerseusThebesBoeotia: “cow-land”, an atypical area of Greece featuring pasture, grazing land, grass, etc. A wealthy, prosperous area. A region to the north of the Peloponnese. Its largest city is Thebes.Europa: Noblewoman from Phoenicia after whom Europe was named. Abducted by Zeus, who turned into a white bull and carried her across the sea to CreteCadmus: Founder and first king of Thebes. He founded the city after the Delphic Oracle told him to find where a special cow with a half-moon marking laid down.- Serpent of Ares: Dragon that lived in a spring near Thebes, the Dirce Fountain. After it killed some of Cadmus’ men, he slayed it and planted its teeth in the ground. The teeth turned into fierce warriors, the Spartoio Spartoi: The men who grew from dragon