Exam I History 106 William Collopy February 8 2011 American Empire The U S as an Emerging Global Empire 19th Century The Closing Decades Depressions 1873 1893 Presidential timber Gridlocked legislative branch State level initiatives Populism Grange agricultural people who came together to protest National Alliance grange forms into this passes Ocala Platform Ocala Platform 1890 Populist Party 1892 People s Populist Party 1892 Governors in KS ND 10 Congressmen 5 U S Senators 1 500 state legislators Republicans New England Protestant Nativist leaning not too crazy about people coming in from foreign countries and claiming citizenship Prohibitionist see evils of booze African American support Republicans o Inclined to support Republicans because Lincoln Democrats Irish Italian German Cities Catholic Saloon patrons Northern cities and the South Q Eventually where do 3rd party platform planks show up A Show up in two major parties U S Focus Internationalism Monroe Doctrine Japan have interest in parts of China Imperial Powers Britain Germany Spain France Holland Dutch Russia Belgium Requirements of an Empire Support manage and defend American Character Noble idealism Self determination Self interest Nash gives us the four P s Patriotism Profits Politics Piety predominantly Christian faith believe they could lift up other peoples of the world by bringing their faith to them White Man s Burden Euro centric racism people thinking of non white people as less Duty to uplift lagging cultures white civilization must lift up other sanctions of Nobility of imperialism noble with good intentions civilization Hawaii Duty free sugar o Could import in huge amounts White planters vs native Hawaiians o White settlers ran plantations sugar pineapple Republic of Hawaii becomes a Republic when monarchy is thrown over Annexed as territory to the U S in 1898 Spanish American War aka Cuban American War with Spain Cuba Spain s colony U S made investments in mining sugar Sensationalist newspaper reporters o William Randolph Hearst o Joseph Pulitzer McKinley Takes Office 1897 Endorsed o Cuban Independence o U S control of Hawaii o Believes in Isthmian canal eventually becomes Panama Canal Path to War in 1898 De Lome letter letter about McKinley offends the U S U S S Maine U S ship in foreign port being sunk War April 1898 Congress recognized Cuba Authorized use of force Teller Amendment Dewey at Manila U S navy wins in Philippines no annexation Newsworthy Theodore Roosevelt s Rough Riders U S forces seize Puerto Rico John Hay splendid little war Secretary of State Aftermath U S U S gives 20 million to Spain for Cuba Cuba is independent now Puerto Rico and Guam are territories of the U S Philippine annexation 1899 Aftermath Cuba Platt Amendment 1901 o No treaties with third powers U S wants some say so o Financial restrictions o U S right of intervention o Guantanamo Bay Filipino American War 1899 1902 Emilio Aguinaldo Brutal murderous guerilla warfare Strong racist element Roosevelt Corollary interfere and intervene Santo Domingo American intervention we are big kid on the block and should be allowed to Guatemala Nicaragua East Asia Open Door policy with China o China is an open market and everyone has the opportunity to do business here Rising powers o Russia Japan Abandon all hope ye who enter here Dante February 10 2011 Naval Power Industrialized Nations Expanding manufacturing Urbanization Food imports Raw material imports Export markets Emerging Commercial and Naval Powers Germany French Russia Japan United States Naval Posture of U S U S Vulnerabilities Potential threats on three coasts Interdiction of commerce o British blockade o German blockade o German Caribbean activity Modern Surface Ships Steel hulled armored Steam powered Hydraulics and electricity Long range guns High explosive ordnance Capt Alfred Thayer Mahan USN Navy in decline after the Civil War Britain France Germany had larger modern fleets Vulnerable U S economic interests in Caribbean and Pacific The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1890 Global commerce required naval forces Naval forces required distant colonies for fueling maintenance and repair Said England was a great example England and its colonies
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