SOCY105 Midterm Review Sheet Ideas Definitions The sociological imagination Biography the individual existing now and back through time History society existing now and back through time Intersectionality A methodology of studying the relationships among multiple dimensions and modalities Sociology is understanding how these two affect produce each other of social relationships and subject formations When you have different existences of inequality black lesbian vs white lesbian experience different levels of inequality If you try to look at them individually you miss the purpose You need to look at all of the inequalities together The Matrix of Domination a web everyone has a different position in the web depending on how the inequalities intersect Ascribed status assigned by society Achieved status gained by individual Society is BOTH but heavily leaning toward ascribed status Concerted cultivation a style of parenting that is marked by a parent s attempts to foster their child s talents by incorporating organized activities in their children s lives Colorblind racism The disregard of racial characteristics when selecting which individuals will participate in some activity or receive some service Saying that race doesn t matter at all However not all people SHOULD be treated the same because people are different and therefore need to be treated differently ex if someone has special needs they cannot be treated like everyone else because they need special attention Social mobility the different kinds Horizontal different position same rank Vertical different position different rank Intergenerational changes in rank from parents to children Intragenerational changes in rank within a person s lifetime People move between classes by changing job positions friends money Social reproduction you go to college Education system reproduces income inequality The people around you change the expectations of what you do how you act if where Crime rates Labeling theory says that deviance is not inherent to an act but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms The theory is concerned with how the self identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them It is associated with the concepts of self fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping Punitive deterrence the different kinds Deterrence theory crime is the result of a rational cost benefit analysis General deterrence meant to deter all people general public Specific deterrence meant to deter a specific person Affirmative Action Refers to policies that take factors including race color religion gender sexual orientation or national origin into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group usually justified as countering the effects of a history of discrimination Affirmative action was created to promote equal opportunity and to address existing discrimination and inequality Whenever the issue of compensatory treatment for the Negro is raised some of our friends recoil in horror The Negro should be granted equality they agree but he should ask for nothing more On the surface this appears reasonable but it is not realistic Martin Luther King Jr Highest rates of unemployment blacks Hispanics whites Even blacks with college degrees have higher unemployment rates EVEN GIVEN EQUALITY BLACKS CANNOT EXP ECT UNIFORMITY Race A hierarchical socially created system of classification that depends on the assumption of biological difference associated with physical attributes ex skin color Race is constructed by racial formation a process the one drop rule in Native Americans Class reductionism Denying that race and class are connected Saying that all we need to focus on is class Colormuteness not recognizing specific races saying we don t need to give voice to certain issues Immigration When is immigration a problem When immigrants take over jobs and land Social spheres re gender Work vs The home Public vs Private Competitive vs Comfortable Male vs Female the hidden curriculum Feminism intellectual rights to men The First Wave Feminism The Second Wave Feminism The Third Wave Feminism itself is now unnecessary Gender segregation in the workplace The belief that women should have equal political social sexual economic and Two assumptions men and women are not equal yet and they should be Early 1900 s focused on public sphere voting education civic action 1960 s 70 s focused on the workplace sexist culture sexual freedom Contemporary sex positive multicultural intersectional might feel that feminism The gender pay gap The feminization of the professions Rape culture Women are inherently rapeable or not because of identity self presentation If a woman is raped she must have done something to deserve cause it she asked for it If a woman claims she was raped she s usually lying should be suspected by default Women not rapists are responsible for preventing rape Consent is a contract not a state Women s bodies are sexually available by default Rape is trivial Men aren t raped Women are objects even very subtly Patriarchy Traditionally defined as natural but is in fact socially constructed Based in both culture and social structures The heart of a system of oppression the idea of normal There is only one correct way to be there is only one default everything outside those boundaries is deviant Patriarchy is therefore oppressive not only of women but of anyone not gender normative in any way Misogyny A central part of sexist prejudice and ideology and as such is an important basis for the oppression of females in male dominated society Misogyny is manifested in many different ways from jokes to pornography to violence to the self contempt women may be taught to feel for heir own bodies Instead is both a process and a feature of the cultural landscape Not always overt Not always intentional Readings The Promise Reading Intersection between biography and history influenced by social structures Mills is the author Private troubles are expressions of public issues Need to look at society for social problems Marx weber durkhiem Systems of power and inequality Have to look at race class and gender as interconnected Race is socially constructed Gender is rooted in social institutions Color blindness should be put on the same playing field forget racial history The Latino threat narrative Thought as a threat to