SOCY105 Intro to Contemporary Social Problems Final exam review Ideas definitions Globalization o What is globalization Less vertical more horizontal The growing role of external factors economic social and cultural in the reproduction of all members of a country to form a single world market without barriers Refers to the increasing global relationships of culture people and economic activity It is generally used to refer to economic globalization the global distribution of the production of goods and services through reduction o barriers to international trade such as tariffs export fees and import quotas and the reduction of restrictions on the movement of capital and on investment o What do we think of o Things are less solid less static Now Liquids gasses flowing What kinds of things Culture Nature Food Drugs Goods Interconnected Multi directional Conflicted reverse o Are structures gone o Do heavy structures block flows Or enable them They do both We can impede flow and redirect it We can change the flow of trade people Rivers help flow we can change directions of rivers o Do states and nations still matter o When Is globalization new Is it modern Cyclical Epochal It comes in cycles Eventful points of origin It occurs in various times in history in various different ways We can say this particular event sparked global expansion o Or perhaps Globalization isn t new but recently has change in a new way Rise of the post WWII US Emergence of multi national corporations End of the Cold War o Why Material economic forces global capitalism the free market 1 Ideal o Unstoppable Positive Negative Is globalization inevitable Not exactly Inevitable is a problematic idea Why o Globaphobia o Globaphilia o What are some pros of globalization o What are some cons o What can we do something concrete Sex vs gender Reification generally refers to making something real bringing it into being or making o Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women o Gender refers to the socially constructed roles behaviors activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women o Male and female are sex categories while masculine and feminine are gender categories o Gender inequality and Feminism In school there is the hidden curriculum Learning to do gender and what is expected from your gender o Toys clothes activities subjects o Teachers give male children more attention expect female children to be better at something and worse at others o However there is no difference in math aptitude before the age of 7 o Unpacking privilege what happened when boys and girls were treated equally in a class room The boys thought they were being treated unfairly because they were used to having more privileges and getting more attention o Boys electronic medical set doctor o Girls electronic medical set nurse princesses o Brilliant boy teaches boys that the most important thing is to have intelligence o Beautiful girl teaches girls that the most important thing is to be beautiful o Pre industrial revolution men were emotional o Post industrial revolution women are emotional o Works vs the home different spheres o Public vs private o Competitive vs comfortable o How do race and class intersect with gender here o Expression and relationships o Black experiences of masculinity are different from white experiences of masculinity o Because whites are dominant white masculinity is dominant o Politics of gender Feminism The belief that women should have equal political social sexual economic and intel lectual rights to men Two assumptions men and women are not equal yet and they should be 2 Early 1900 s focused on public sphere voting education civic action 1960 s 70 s focused on the workplace sexist culture sexual freedom o The First Wave Feminism o The Second Wave Feminism o The Third Wave Feminism self is now unnecessary o Liberal feminism Contemporary sex positive multicultural intersectional might feel that feminism it Classically political rights and opportunities structural obstacles should be removed equal wages and reproductive choice Criticisms true systemic cause of inequality are being ignored o Radical feminism Women are not just discriminated against but oppressed and subordinated patriarchy is domination campaigns to end pornography and prostitution as violence against women Criticisms essentialist blanket statements Ignoring diversity subtle racism o Multicultural feminism Argues for the incorporation of race and class diversity of experiences recognition of other systems of inequality power and domination Intersectional approach This is the model used by most sociologists Normal o Heteronormative idea that the norm is heterosexual o Race expression of gender o Where did normal come from o The construction of the self from actions to identity church and science o Church and science had a lot to do together with the production of self and the idea of the specific way that we have to be and everything outside that is deviant o Social norms can be enforced formally through sanctions or informally through body language and non verbal communication cues If people do not follow these norms then they become labeled as deviants and this can lead to them being considered the outcast of society o It is important to note that what is considered normal is relative to the location of the culture in which the social interaction is taking place o Norms in every culture create conformity that allows for people to become socialized to the culture in which they live o Pre enlightenment sexuality How does the church change after enlightenment It stops being about what you do and becomes who what you are Your actions become sinful Confession truth To know sexuality is to know the self o We confess our sexuality gender to know ourselves and each other intimacy o What happened in the 18th century Population control management of sex for public good deviance and normalcy What does Foucault think science has done to sexuality and gender 3 Not knowledge about but power over Queer gender binary Queer theory o An umbrella term for sexual minorities that are not heterosexual heteronormative or o In the context of Western identity politics the term also acts as a label setting queer identifying people apart from the discourse ideologies and lifestyles that typify mainstream LGBT communities as being oppressive or assimilationist o Reaction to the essential identity