Exam II Lecture Notes William Collopy February 17 2011 Global Naval Power and The Panama Canal U S Fleet Concept Two ocean navy said we needed to have navies on both sides of country Battleships Capt Alfred Thayer Mahan USN The Influence of Sea Power If we don t have a global navy presence it ll be like land birds hat cannot fly far from the shore Short Cut Needed Britain s Fleet Concept U S S Oregon would ve been nice if it had a shortcut when traveling Two power standard want navy large enough to beat everyone Security o Homeland o Sea lanes o Countries territories and colonies of the Empire British Vulnerabilities Import coal from Nova Scotia Had coaling stations in Halifax and Bermuda Import grain from Canada and South America Admiral Sir John Fisher First Sea Lord 1904 1910 Believes British navy is a navy ready for war Long distance steaming exercises Gunnery gunnery gunnery have to be able to shoot Improved maintenance and reliability Incorporated station cruisers into battle fleets Homeward Bound German Fleet Concept Wilhelm II grandson of Britain s Queen Victoria Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz Open sea fleet battleships Mahan s influence French Fleet Concept didn t join the crowd in battleships Torpedo craft Light cruisers Interdiction of shipping lanes Russo Japanese War 1904 o Japanese trapped Russian Far East Fleet at Port Arthur o Japanese defeated Russian Far East Fleet in Battle of Yellow Sea Russian Army bogged down in defense Oct 1904 Baltic Fleet sailed to join the battle May 1905 Baltic Fleet reached South China Sea Theodore Roosevelt Peacemaker Russia and Japan Portsmouth New Hampshire come together to put a halt to the war expensive Portsmouth Treaty 1905 brings an end to the Russo Japanese War Nobel Peace Prize 1906 Mahan on the Canal Caribbean an American lake Maneuverability Cost savings One ocean navy two ocean commitment The Canal A French Failure 1881 1887 Ferdinand de Lesseps France o They thought he could build because he had experience in another country building one different terrain desert failed 300 million 20 000 lives lost 1 3 finished Panama Canal A Tale of Four Treaties know all of these for exam II 1 Clayton Bulwer Treaty 1850 a U S and Britain b No exclusive control c Neutral canal for both countries equal use of it d No occupation fortification or colonization 2 Hay Pauncefote Treaty 1901 a U S and Britain b Diminishing British influence i Realized it was hard for them to support manage and defend their empire in Britain losing influence c For Britain U S friendship served as a counterweight to Germany i Need to worry more about Germany than the U S d Canal run solely by U S 3 Hay Herran Treaty 1903 a U S and Colombia b 99 year lease in Panama c 10 million 250 000 per year d Ratified by the U S Senate e Rejected by Senate of Colombia New Nation of Panama 1903 Colombian province with a history of independence movements U S naval presence U S S Nashville blocked Colombia s military effort to suppress of the revolt 4 Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty 1903 a b c U S and independent Panama Terms similar to Hay Herran Treaty Philippe Bunau Varilla was a Frenchman Jan 5 1904 New York Times PRESIDENT JUSTIFIES COURSE IN PANAMA Special Message Urges Ratification of Canal Treaty Denies That the Administration Encouraged the Revolution Colombia s Course Criticized Panama s Independence Achieved The Progressive Era Approx 1900 1918 February 22 2011 Progressive Presidents Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson Objectives 1 Promote social justice 2 Ensure equal opportunity 3 Preserve democracy 4 Order 5 Efficiency 6 In the context of a Rapid industrialization b c Urban growth in cities Immigration Progressivism in U S Role of environment Statistical methods U S is a latecomer to making these reforms Middle class class that takes action In Print Upton Sinclair The Jungle about abuses and dangers in meat packing industry Mudrakers people who wrote about situation in a negative light Ida Tarbell wrote bad about Standard Oil Florence Kelley Child labor concerned with conditions of child labor Law degree can t find a lawyer so she goes to law school herself Efforts at legislation o State o Federal Women Muller v Oregon state has vested interest in women s working they have ultimate responsibly for bearing nurturing children and taking care of the family home o State s interest o 10 hour workday for women o Gender discrimination o Significance to case now there is a legal separation of men and women by virtual agenda different because they deserve a different kind of treatment in the workplace win loss Birth control Suffrage o Margaret Sanger leader in birth control movement o Smaller families among middle class not lower class o Birth control advancements o National American Women Suffrage Association o Carrie Chapman Catt leader in this o Justification Anti corruption Counter immigrant vote Self protection laws Public Virtue Temperance alcohol abuse in country at this time o Women s Christian Temperance Union o Anti saloon League Movie houses Prostitution Labor Mechanization of labor o Unskilled workers Scientific management o Frederick Winslow Taylor Strikes Court bias tend to rule on side of businesses not the laborer Triangle Shirtwaist Fire no enforced safety laws people could smoke fire escapes blocked etc o Frances Perkins on investigation team that looks into this fire o Legislative changes they cannot continue with same safety laws something Statewide primaries Initiative and referendum Recall gives citizens ability to have you removed from office just because you re elected doesn t mean you re elected for life Popular election of U S senators 17th Amendment 1913 needs to change and improve Industrial Workers of the World All workers Supported by Eugene V Debs RR industry Too militant for many Political Reforms The Roosevelt Presidency Powerful executive branch Supervise not prohibit trusts Against misconduct not wealth Sherman Anti Trust Act used Important Case for Exam II United States v Northern Securities Company U S wins The Roosevelt Presidency Coal strike arbitration Roosevelt reads Upton Sinclair s The Jungle Legislation on meat food drugs Environmental protection o Conservation Gifford Pinchot o Preservation John Muir Plessy v Ferguson 1896 o Separate but equal accommodations Race Own two competing railroads and are told to bust up this trust Supreme Court rules AGAINST Northern Securities because they re limiting competition o Jim Crow
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