HIST 106 2nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I Reconstruction II Election of 1876 Outline of Current Lecture I Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce War of 1877 II The Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee III Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 IV Homestead Act V National Declaration of 1902 Current Lecture Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce War 1877 o Custer war biggest national defeat for the US 200 people killed The Americans were now blood thirsty and wanted the Indians put in reservations o Chief Joseph was one of the major leaders of the Nez Perce tribe Joseph realized things were not going to go down too well between the Indians and the US In 1877 the US wanted the Nez Perce tom move into a reservation smaller territory Nez Perce not too happy with this because they see repeated violations of their land Reporting these violations to the US federal government and will be moved to the reservation Indians see that Indian policy will not go to well and will escape from the reservation to Canada o Canadians treat their first nation people better than the US treats the Indian tribes o On their escape to Canada the American army is hot on their heels o In 75 days the Nez Perce people travel 1300 miles o Majority of the tribe has to surrender because their done and so are their horses The punishment for the Nez Perce for doing this was to move them permanently to the reservation in Oklahoma where many of the Nez Perce will die The Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee o Very intense spiritual restoration an Indian soldier would take Said that the white man would be defeated and the bison would come back There would be a re rise in the Indian resistance to westward movement o Mechanics of the Indian Ghost Dance Hooks placed into chest skin and to dance all night until hooks are ripped out You would have to be very committed to do this and the US government would get scared by this commitment and banned the Ghost Dance o Led by Spotted Elk at Wounded Knee The Indian tribe was surrounded by the US army The 7th calf surrounds Spotted Elk s tribe Spotted Elk sees this and sees that the US will wipe them out and goes out to negotiate with the US government Someone accidentally fires both sides open up the US has superiority and it was a blood bath o December 28 1890 500 men of the 7th calf caught up with them o About 350 Lakota present 290 killed Incident was called Massacre of Wounded Knee o The end of Indian resistance in the West There is some but nobody really has the stomach to resist and get killed Dawes Severalty Act 1887 o Breaking up of tribes as a social unit The point of this act was to assimilate Indians and make them American Eliminate Indian culture A lot of Indian children were removed from their homes and taken to schools Were not allowed to speak their native language forced to wear American clothes and taught English o Reducing the cost of native administration o Securing parts of the reservations as Indian land Reservations granted to the tribe and the land is for communal use US government split up the reservations and gave the land to individuals to force the idea of the individual ownership o Opening the remaining land to the white settler for profit 140 million acres of reservations 50 million acres given to Indians 90 million given to white settlers Not enough Indian people to claim all of the land o In 1934 the US government sees that they really screwed up Payments were made to the Indian parents and some but not all land was restored End of US intervening in Indian tribes Homestead act o Gave everyone 60 acres for an administrative fee of 100 o About 600 00 farmers will take advantage of the opportunity 2 3 of the farms will fail or will be sold to spectators for a fraction of what they bought the farms for The last homestead that was given out in the 1980s o Ended up beneficial to most people but not all o The most precious resource in the west is water National Declaration of 1902 o National regulation of water an irrigation Will start building canals and dams to channel water and will change the Imperial Valley California into the citrus production area it is today
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