Slide 1Slide 2ObjectivesPeople Are DifferentPersonality DisordersPersonality DisordersDefining Personality DisordersDefining Personality DisordersThe Major Personality DisordersThe Major Personality DisordersSlide 11The Major Personality DisordersSlide 13The Major Personality DisordersSlide 15The Major Personality DisordersThe Major Personality DisordersSlide 18The Major Personality DisordersThe Major Personality DisordersSlide 21The Major Personality DisordersSlide 23Personality DisordersPersonality DisordersPersonality and DisorderPersonality and DisorderPersonality and DisorderPersonality and DisorderAdditional slidesThe Healthy PersonalityPersonality and Physical HealthPersonality and Physical HealthPersonality and Physical HealthPersonality and Physical HealthPersonality and Physical Health© 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.The Personality PuzzleSixth Editionby David C. Funder Psych 507Closing thoughts on healthy personality & Personality DisordersStephanie Federspiel, Ph.D.Lecture 26 5/2/1612 Reminder: Section 3 Exam: Wednesday 5/4 in classQuizzes due 5/3 12 p.m.; then answers are released.Ch. 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17(additional materials only as covered in class)Office hours this week (room 423 for Stephanie)5/1(M) 1:30 - 2:15 p.m. and after class until 5 p.m. Possible short answer q’s are on Learn@UW(4 – 6 will be short answer; the rest are likely to bereworked as multiple choice.Objectives•Final remarks on self-event connections & life story/narrative (these slides are posted at end of previous lecture) •Briefly review the concept of “healthy” or optimum personality functioning and how it enables flexible adaptation & helps sustain a sense of meaning.•Discuss personality disorders: what they are, how they are diagnosed, characteristics of the major disorders, and some potential negative outcomes of labeling disordersPeople Are Different•Personality includes (relatively) stable patterns in how we perceive & engage the opportunities & challenges in our social & physical environments. Reflects learning & inheritance.•Ideally, people can survive and thrive—including well-being and generative connections with others. •Developing a “normal”, mature personality depends on bio maturation & quality of social experiences. •Much of personality psychology addresses how and why people are different.Personality Disorders•Involve chronic, inflexible & maladaptive patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior in relating to the world. •Often, PD’s involve extreme forms of traits that create problems for self and/or others and are generally viewed as socially undesirable. •Also, perception/interpretation of reality is distorted (esp. re: self & others) & motivation/goal setting is unusual or impaired.Personality Disorders•Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)–First edition: 1952 –Controversy–Current edition: DSM-5 in 2013•Two systems for personality disorders–Purposes•Make diagnosis more objective•Insurance billingDefining Personality Disorders•Unusually extreme personality attributes–In terms of cultural context–Denial or distortion of reality•Problematic–For the person: anxiety, depression, confusion–Or for othersDefining Personality Disorders•Affect social relationships and interactions•Stable over time–Can begin in adolescence or childhood–Difficult to change with therapy or other means•Ego-syntonic–Symptoms are seen as normal and valued aspects of personality–They think others are the ones with a problemThe Major Personality Disorders•Old system–10 major disorders in three clusters–Cluster A: odd and eccentric patterns of thinking–Cluster B: impulsive and erratic patterns of behavior–Cluster C: anxious and avoidant emotional styles•New system–6 major disorders (4 deleted) with different symptoms – no clustersThe Major Personality Disorders•Schizotypal personality disorder–Extremely odd thoughts, strange ideas, unconventional behavior, superstitious beliefs, difficulty in close relationships–Prevalence: 0.6–4.6%Acrostic: ME PECULIARM: Magical thinking or odd beliefsE: Experiences unusual perceptionsP: Paranoid ideationE: Eccentric behavior or appearanceC: Constricted (or inappropriate) affectU: Unusual (odd) thinking and speechL: Lacks close friendsI: Ideas of referenceA: Anxiety in social situationsR: Rule out psychotic disorders and pervasive developmental disorder (e.g., autism)11The Major Personality Disorders•Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)–Belief that one is superior–Expects and needs recognition from others–Expects special treatment and feels entitled–Lack of empathy–Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin–Difficult or impossible to treatAcrostic: SPECIALS: Special (believes he or she is special and unique)P: Preoccupied w/ fantasies (of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love)E: EntitlementC: Conceited (grandiose sense of self-importance)I: Interpersonal exploitationA: Arrogant (haughty)L: Lacks empathy13The Major Personality Disorders•Antisocial personality disorder–Problems caused to others do not bother them–Illegal activities and Impulsive and risky behaviors–Irritable, aggressive, and irresponsible–Common w/low economic status and urban settings•A viable adaptation? Is it an “illness”?–Sometimes includes psychopathy (e.g. Ted Bundy)•Atypical emotion: callous/unemotional •Profound lack of empathy•Very superficial representation of others & actionsAcrostic: CORRUPTC: Conformity to law lackingO: Obligations ignoredR: Reckless disregard for safety of self or othersR: Remorse lackingU: Underhanded (deceitful, lies, cons others)P: Planning insufficient (impulsive)T: Temper (irritable and aggressive)15The Major Personality Disorders•Antisocial personality disorder with psychopathy –Possible origins–Treatment?The Major Personality Disorders•Borderline personality disorder (BPD)–Most severe personality disorder–Hallmark symptom: emotional instability–Suicide attempts are common–Self-mutilation–Severe identity disturbance–Interpersonal relationships are confusing, chaotic, noisy, unpredictable, and unstable•Partly due to splittingAM SUICIDEA: AbandonmentM: Mood instability (marked reactivity of mood)S: Suicidal (or self-mutilating) behaviorU: Unstable and intense relationshipsI: Impulsivity (in two potentially self-damaging areas)C: Control of angerI: Identity disturbanceD: Dissociative (or