Slide 1Announcement…ObjectivesSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11An Integration: McAdams & Pals (2006) “5 Principles”When is culture/social context most influential?When is culture/social context most influential?When is culture/social context most influential?See McAdams & Pals (2006) Figure 1Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Activity: What’s Paul’s personality?Psychology of PersonalityLecture 2 1/25/16What does Personality Concern?What do we know when we know a person: “Levels” of personalityStephanie Federspiel, Ph.D.1Announcement…Please see email re: Notetaker position: Please submit copies of your notes to me (Lecture 1, Lecture 2) if you are interested.2Objectives•Review Murray’s tripartite model of personality topics/concerns: human universals, individual differences, and personal uniqueness.•Introduce McAdam’s 3 different levels at which we can describe individual differences in personality (McAdams, 1996; McAdams & Pals, 2006).•Integrate these 2 models with reference to the far context of natural selection, and closer contexts of culture and social context (McAdams & Pals, 2006).•Video example/application of personality detectionPersonality psychology concerns how each person is….–like every other person–like some other people–unlike any other person41) UniversalsPersonality psychology concerns how each person is….–like every other person–like some other people–unlike any other person51) UniversalsPersonality psychology concerns how each person is….–like every other person–like some other people–unlike any other person62) Individual differences(shared categorizations)Personality psychology concerns how each person is….–like every other person–like some other people–unlike any other person73) Personal uniqueness/meaning & identity3 Levels of Individual Differences:What do you know when you know a person?8Life StoryCharacteristic AdaptationsTraitsBroad dimensions ofsocially relevant variationMostly descriptive,Uses semantic memory.More contextualized,& process-oriented(how to do things, when,why)Motives & valuesMental models/beliefsCoping strategiesDevelopmental concernspersonalized attemptat integration, meaningIs X socially dominant (Extraverted)?Is X likely to be friendly & cooperative (Agreeable)?Can I trust and count on X’s commitment to work with me? (Conscientiousness)?Is X likely to be negative, moody and unstable? (Neuroticism)?Can I teach X things, is X open to learning and experience (Openness)?10Life StoryCharacteristic AdaptationsTraitsBroad dimensions ofsocially relevant variationMostly descriptive,Uses semantic memory.More contextualized,& process-oriented(how to do things, when,why)Mental models/beliefsCoping strategiesMotives & valuesLife stage concerns/taskspersonalized attemptat integration, meaning11Life StoryBroad dimensions ofsocially relevant variationMostly descriptive,Uses semantic memory.More contextualized,& process-oriented(how to do things, when,why)Motives & valuesMental models/beliefsCoping strategiesDevelopmental concernsA personal attemptat unity, integration, And finding meaning withReconstructed pastPerceived PresentImagined futurePositive Identity/Integration & Motivation for futureAn Integration:McAdams & Pals (2006) “5 Principles”•(1) Evolutionary pressures on humans (survival, reproduction) promoted certain universal mechanisms.•(2 – 4) It is useful to recognize/conceptualize 3 different “Levels” of individual variation(2) Broad Dispositional Traits (Esp. “Big 5”)(3) Characteristic Adaptations (more contextualized) Relevant to most daily behavior, specific situations)(4) Personal Narratives/Life stories •(5) Culture/Context likely has differential effects on these levels.When is culture/social contextmost influential?13Life StoryCharacteristic AdaptationsTraitsCulture affects expressionWhen is culture/social contextmost influential?14Life StoryCharacteristic AdaptationsTraitsCulture matters a lot:Differences in values,Goals, preferred strategies,Meaning-makingWhen is culture/social contextmost influential?15Life StoryCharacteristic AdaptationsTraitsCulture matters a lot.More research needed!Important patterns notedSee McAdams & Pals (2006)Figure 1•Which lines are single arrow?•Which lines are double arrow? (bidirectional effect or interrelationships)•Why are some lines darker than others?16–like every other person171) Along with universal needsand motives (get along/ahead),Same # of basic traits & structure And “difference detectors” (the most replicable traits, The Big 5, relate to partially- genetically influenced differencesIn how people get along/ahead;Genetic variation persists, + “works”!)Connecting McAdams 3 levels with Murray’s 3 topics/concerns:Connecting McAdams 3 levels with Murray’s 3 topics/concerns:–like some other people182) Diffs in level of traits types & timing of characteristic adaptations:models, motives, values, etc. Common thematic elements or structure of in life storyConnecting McAdams 3 levels with Murray’s 3 topics/concerns:–unlike any other person193) The individual’sunique combination oftraits, motives, etc. and organization in that person.(relative strength/Importance/suppressive effects, etc.) recurring patterns, unique life story + Personal meaningActivity: What’s Paul’s personality?•How would you describe Paul’s personality? •What’s the same about him in the ages depicted? How does he change?•Consider a question that might be asked from one or more of these basic approaches:–Trait, Biological, Learning & Social-Cognitive, Psychoanalytic, Phenomenological