Slide 1AnnouncementsMain ObjectivesCognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS), Walter MischelSlide 5Slide 6Slide 7CAPS: If…ThenCulture and PsychologyDefining culture…Defining culture…The Importance of Cross-Cultural DifferencesCharacteristics of CulturesCharacteristics of CulturesSlide 15Characteristics of CulturesCharacteristics of CulturesCharacteristics of CulturesSlide 19Characteristics of CulturesCultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentCultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentCultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentSlide 24Cultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentCultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentCultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentCultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentCultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentSlide 30Cultural Assessment and Personality AssessmentThe Origins of Cultural DifferencesThe Origins of Cultural DifferencesThe Universal Human ConditionEnded here 3/30/16Challenges and New Directions for Cross-Cultural ResearchChallenges and New Directions for Cross-Cultural Research© 2013 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.The Personality PuzzleSixth Editionby David C. Funder Psychology of PersonalityLecture 18: 3/30/16Social Learning (con’t) Intro to Culture and PersonalityStephanie Federspiel, Ph.D.1Announcements•Reminder: All Unit 2 quizzes due 4/3/16 by noon (12 p.m.). No penalty as long as quizzes are submitted by that final date. –Ch. 7, 8, 9, 14, 13•Preparing for Unit 2 Exam (Monday 4/4/16)–Possible Short answer questions on Learn@UW–Extra office hours Friday 4/1/16 9:00 – 11:15 a.m.–Quiz answers released after deadline 4/3/16Main Objectives•Finish presenting the cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS) (Walter Mischel)–Diagrams not in book•Discuss implications of cultural diversity for personality psychology–Shifting emphases in research/understanding…–Commonly studied “characteristics of cultures” – possible origins of cultural differences**brief coverage of social class concepts AFTER exam**Cognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS), Walter Mischel•Personality: A stable system that mediates how the individual selects, construes, and processes social info and generates social behaviors.Psychological features of situations matter! Differences in content, organization, etc. of system Stable if…then profiles5CAPS: The Cognitive Affective Units (alternative list—the things center part)Individuals differ b/c of availability/accessibility these units; their organization/interrelations, and which features are salient in a situation. 1. Encodings and construals (interps)2. Expectations and beliefs3. Feelings and emotions (affects)4. Goals and values (part of self-regulatory plans)5. Behavioral and self-regulatory competenciesCAPS: If…Then•If . . . then contingencies = Behavioral signatureFeature A –X, but feature B  Y–Advantages:(1)more situational specificity(2) predict/explain inconsistency across situations (3) Useful for changing/modifying behavior-examining organization, associations- “hot” activation; “cold” activationCulture and Psychology•Culture and personality psychology(1) Individuals may differ from each other to some extent because they belong to different cultures (effects of enculturation, social learning)(2) Importance/relevance of some personality differences may vary across cultures.(3) Members of cultural groups may differ from each other in distinctive ways (cultural specificity). •But, there is still much variation within cultures!•Culture might affect avg. value, reduce the range of variation.Defining culture…•Psychological attributes of groups includes shared customs, habits, beliefs, and values that shape emotions, behavior, and life patterns.•The meanings that infuse human lives•Differences are almost entirely learned, not due to genetics…. –Enculturation–Acculturation10Defining culture…….an organized body of rules (explicit and implicit) concerning the ways in which individuals in a population should communicate with one another, think about themselves and their environments, and behave toward one another and toward objects in their environments. The rules are not universally or constantly obeyed, but they are recognized by all and they ordinarily operate to limit the range of variation in patterns of communication, belief, value, and social behavior. 11The Importance of Cross-Cultural Differences(1) + Cross-cultural understanding(2) + Generalizability of theory and research–Possible limits on generalizability?–Most research based on countries that are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD); 12% of population!(3) Varieties of human experienceculture as a lens when viewing world -Effects on emotion experience, expression, etc.Characteristics of Cultures•How can cultures be compared?•An Assumption: •Etics (universals) and emics (specifics)–Examples: duty, marriage–Maybe some concepts are too emic to compare??•Concerning relationshipsCharacteristics of Cultures•Tough and easy (goals)–Variety, number of goals and means•Achievement and affiliation (values)–Values expressed in stories, etc.•Complexity (politics, relationships)–Modern/industrial vs. hunter/gatherer•Tightness and looseness: (norms, values)–Diversity & pop. Density may matter•Head versus heart (values)City Strengths of the HeadArlington 3.8Oklahoma City 3.8Omaha +3.8Columbus +3.8Las Vegas +3.8Colorado Springs +3.8Fort Worth +3.8Jacksonville +3.8Virginia Beach +3.8Dallias +3.8Memphis +3.8Houston +3.8San Jose +3.8Fresno +3.8Louisville +3.8Charlotte +3.8Indianapolis +3.8Mesa +3.8Atlanta +3.8Milwaukee +3.8Sacramento +3.8Washington DC 3.9Denver 3.9Philadelphia 3.9Kansas City +3.9Minneapolis +3.9Cleveland +3.9Baltimore +3.9Boston +3.9Chicago +3.9Tulsa +3.9Nashville +3.9San Antonio +3.9Detroit +3.9New Orleans +3.9Portland +3.9Tucson +3.9Miami +3.9Phoenix +3.9Long Beach +3.9El Paso +3.9New York +3.9San Diego +3.9Austin +3.9Seattle +3.9Honolulu +3.9Albuquerque +3.9Oakland +3.9Los Angeles +3.9San Francisco +3.9City Strengths of the HeartEl Paso 3.8Mesa +3.7Miami +3.7Virginia Beach +3.7Fresno +3.7Jacksonville +3.7Omaha +3.7Phoenix +3.7Long Beach +3.7Nashville +3.7Honolulu +3.7Fort Worth +3.7Detroit +3.7Las Vegas +3.7San Jose +3.7Arlington +3.7Denver +3.7Dallas +3.7San Antonio +3.7Cleveland +3.7Kansas City +3.7Columbus +3.7Chicago +3.7San Diego +3.7Sacramento