Slide 1ObjectivesSlide 3Developmental level of Defense MechanismsModern views of “Defense Mechanisms”Slide 6Psychosexual DevelopmentPsychological Development: Moving Through StagesFreud’s Psychosexual Stages (Primarily Biological Maturation)Slide 10Developments in PsychoanalysisLatter-Day Issues and TheoristsLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Inferiority and CompensationLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Inferiority and CompensationSlide 15Latter-Day Issues and Theorists: Carl JungSlide 17Latter-Day Issues and Theorists: Carl JungLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Carl JungJung’s Perspective on DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentSlide 22Psychosocial Stages: “Questions” asked & answered… How can I…2 Central Themes in Erikson’s TheorySlide 25Slide 26Latter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentSeveral Types of GenerativityHow often have you done these things during the past 2 months?1 = sometimes, 2 = often, 3 = alwaysLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Stages of Ego DevelopmentAspects of of “Ego” MaturitySlide 38Slide 39Latter-Day Issues and Theorists: Object Relations TheoryLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Object Relations TheoryLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Object Relations TheoryLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Object Relations TheoryLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Object Relations TheoryPsychoanalysis in PerspectivePsychoanalysis in PerspectiveCurrent Psychoanalytic Research: Attachment TheoryCurrent Psychoanalytic Research: Attachment TheoryCurrent Psychoanalytic Research: Attachment TheorySecure Attachment in Adults?Current Psychoanalytic Research: Attachment TheoryAnxious/Preoccupied Attachment in AdultsCurrent Psychoanalytic Research: Attachment TheoryAvoidant/Dismissing Attachment in AdultsCurrent Psychoanalytic Research: Attachment TheorySlide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Attachment Styles and early social knowledgeAttachment Styles & Social KnowledgeAttachment Styles and early social knowledgeAttachment Styles and early social knowledgeSlide 64Secure Attachment in Adults?Anxious/Preoccupied Attachment in AdultsAvoidant/Dismissing Attachment in AdultsEarly Infancy: Oral Stage/Trust MistrustToddlerhood: Anal Stage, Autonomy vs. Shame/DoubtPreschool: Phallic Stage/ Initiative vs. GuiltSchool age: Latency Stage/ Industry vs. InferiorityAdolescence & Beyond: Genital Stage/ ????Slide 73Latter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentSeveral Types of GenerativityHow often have you done these things during the past 2 months?1 = sometimes, 2 = often, 3 = alwaysLatter-Day Issues and Theorists: Psychosocial DevelopmentComparison of StagesComparison of StagesComparison of StagesComparison of StagesComparison of Stages (Ends!)/ Adolescence + early adulthood (?)Early Adulthood (?)Middle Adulthood (?) (This is the longest stage!)Several Types of GenerativityHow often have you done these things during the past 2 months?1 = sometimes, 2 = often, 3 = alwaysLate Adulthood/Near end of life (?)Slide 941Psychology of PersonalityLecture 21: 4/12/16Psychoanalysis after Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current ResearchStephanie Federspiel, Ph.D.Objectives•Finish discussing defense mechanisms•Discuss how Freud’s theory has been reinterpreted and altered by neo-Freudians•Discuss important elements of several neo-Freudian theories•Identify propositions of psychoanalytic theory that have been empirically supportedDefense Mechanism Function ExampleDenial Prevent perception of source of anxiety "No! That's not possible!"Repression Prevent recall of anything that might remind one of the source of anxiety"I forgot."Reaction formation Protect against a forbidden thought or impulse by instigating the opposite"Pornography is the biggest menace to humanity there is!"Projection Attribute an unwanted impulse or attribute in oneself to other people"I'm surrounded by morons!"Rationalization Create a seemingly logical reason for doing something shameful"You have to be cruel to be kind."Intellectualization Translate a threatening situation into cold, intellectual terms"After a prolonged period of discomfort, the patient expired."Displacement Redirect forbidden impulse onto a safer target Professor dart boardsSublimation Convert base impulse into a noble cause High art, other occupa tional choicesDevelopmental level of Defense Mechanisms•Pathological (rare)–Conversion, Denial•Immature (childlike)–Projection, fantasy, somatization•Neurotic (but common!!)–Repression (involuntary)–Intellectualization (isolate)–Rationalization (excuses)–Reaction formation–Displacement•Mature (most adaptive)–Sublimation, Humor, Identification (some types), Suppression (voluntary)Modern views of “Defense Mechanisms”1) Unconscious strategies can be used to prevent loss of self-esteem and maintain preferred self-view and world-view (values, meaning). –Issues raised by modern research •Some, (but not all) observed in “normal” population. •Contrast w/ conscious strategies for coping w/stressors.•Still need to explain with cognitive mechanisms•Need for self-esteem, values increases w/ mortality cues (not well addressed by Freud Terror Management Theory)I am a “good” member (↑ self-esteem)of a meaningful, existentially satisfying universe (↑ world-view)Psychosexual Development•Stage theory of development based on biological maturation•Focus on where the psychic energy is and how it is used•Fixation with parental over/under indulgence.•Aspects of each stage–Physical focus–Psychological theme (Erikson’s emphasis!)–Adult character typePsychological Development: Moving Through Stages•Analogy: army conquering hostile territory–Battles occur when there is opposition–Troops are left at battle sights: fixation–Retreat to previous stronghold: regression–Victory is reaching the genital stage with most of the army (energy) intact9Freud’s Psychosexual Stages(Primarily