HIST 1302 Lecture 6 05 23 2016 The Road to Global War The Road to War Europe o Fall to war because of MANY Dictators Hitler is apart of the bigger Movement Italy starting point Fascism uber nationalism socialism social policies Benito Mussolini 1922 WWI Vet Begins facisim idea Hitler idol later Achilles heel Il duce The leader singular figurehead o beginnings to create alliances of Friends who will help him control the Mediterranean slowly loosing power in Europe for last 200 years thus reason it s the perfect place to start Mediterranean sea should be Italy s sea Message appeals to the suffering 1922 Facist party seizes Rome in semi violent coup begins dismantling government checks and balances begins to roll powers into his own removing opposition taking power into his own hands take over Ethiopia and suez canal to show power of new nation Build new roman empire and resolidify roman power people don t react as dramatically as they should have totalitarian dictatorship Spain Falling apart over last 200 years Loosing power colonies Span Am war puts nail in coffin of power Crumbling nationalism military economic problems Spanish Civil War Multiple small civil war Major Coup 36 39 Francisco Franco Takes over dictator of spain Gradually take over roll powers into himself creates new office Survives the war because he doesn t join the war American people don t crush regime War destroys Spain leadership is also ugly Russia Communist state and totalitarian dictatorship 1917 Revolution series of revolutions between Bolsheviks whites vs reds Vladimir Lenin Orginal leader of communitst state Common term overthrow western governments by whatever means Entire world controlled by Russia conquer the world and ctrld by communism Russia is at odds with everyone then Josef Stalin General secretary premier of Russia Put in charge after Lenin dies Does the facism plan executes anyone who challenges his power or disagrees with him o Kills eventualy 10 15 million of his own people Purges Stalin just as bad worse as hitler The Great Purge 1 5 million arrested 75 million shot over 1000 a day Germany Problems after WWI because of the Treaty of Versailles designed to make things worse in G Social Unrest o Doesn t stop after war gets worse as treaty is imposed o Problems persist into the 20s Hyperinflation o Inflation is outpacing cost of living o Money is worthless essentially o Getting what you need becomes difficult Stab in the Back o belief in Germany that they didn t loose the world o Govt didn t loose the war the people of Germany did You stabbed us in the back o reason its so bad is because someone betrayed us on the homefront jewish communist gypsies poles non germans fault theyre the scapegoat German Resentment o War Reparations Inflation o Bitterness over the Treaty of Versailles Weimar Republic Government that runs Germany until Hitler takes over Socially people who take over are very antitraditional Germany o See struggle between modernity and tradition o Pushed in anti german value way Seen in art cabaret making fun of traditional german value lustmord violence sexual death Counter action o Leni Riefenstahl mountain movies climb out of the valley and climb to the top See modernity tradition skism Democratization Politcally very democratic o Dozens of parties o Bc of so many groups no one has a platform to get agenda done bc they don t have a huge backing bc everyone is split o No one wants to relinquish control and work together because everyone has own agenda The Rise of the Nazi Party o One of the many parties o Need someone to give them media attention Aton Drexler founder knows this they find Hitler Hitler firey speaker who gets people to talk about the party o 25 MIN Hitler s Rise to Power Brings attention to nazi party Beer Hall Putsch 1923 Brown shirts go into Munich and violently fight Hitler goes into beer hall and convinces leaders there is a revolution Hitler tells them if they give power to him he can fix it simmers down then open fighting to over throw the government Escape with casualty but are caught and tried for treason and put in fortress prison o Very comfortable prison for people who aren t bad people but make bad choices o Let out of 5 yr sentence in 8 months on a promise to never illegally violently overthrow again o Fueer leader o During prison re organizes nazi party Mein Kampf 1925 Book my struggle Outlines whats wrong with Germany and his plan to fix not holocaust but alluded to Germans need living space found in the east Unmentionables removed and then germans can move into colonize and thus further german nationalism agenda o Germany in the late 1920s America steps in and tries to help Germany Economic recovery Through American loans Late 1920s in Germany looks a lot like America Entertainment industry is expanding Nazi party recruitment Hitler doesn t give up when Germ recovers He grows the party He knows there will be problem Softens message recruits people for the party Hold rallies parties Joesph Goebbels Minister of Propaganda Once things got worse people would be willing to follow him o The Great Depression in Germany Black Tuesday US in great depression prohibits German loans sooooo G economy collapses German economic collapse GD is worldwide event Hitler takes advantages of this 1930 Elections Presidential Candidate 1932 Hitler puts his guys in the candidate spots Hitler finishes second Looses to Paul Von Hindenberg WWI Vet Reich is controlled by Nazis Hitler Don t pass anything block it all This creates riots Nazi s purposefully doing this Appointed Hitler Reich s Chancellor 1933 President appoints him VP to try and get him to tell his men to cooperate Reichstag Fire Changes political dynamics Parliament building goes up in flames Mentally challenged communist man sparked it Hitler seizes opportunity to take more power It s the unmentionables who are doing this politically and physically they re under attack let me fix it Hitler Enabling Act Gives Hitler power to pass legislation w o parliament Passes bc parliament is mostly nazi Outlaws political parties that aren t nazi Hitler Youth mandatory Trained to be soldiers Suspends civil liberties freedom of press opposition to his ideas etc o The Birth of the Reich The Night of the Long Knives Esse biggest critism Party that has own army bigger than german army Hitler Eliminates old nazi leadership Hindenburg s Death Hitler as Fuhrer Seen as a good thing He s really just solidifying control of party