HIST 1302 Lecture 3 4 5 19 16 10 23 AM The Great War beginning of a shift that recreates the global paradigm combine both wars and you get the most catastrophic 50 years ever Grubb thinks this is the first modern war fought many disagree Causes of World War I archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by Gavrilo Princip Serbinan Nationalist Black Hand member THIS IS THE SPARK MANIA is the CAUSE o Imperialism the world is imperial Overseas Interests Battle for resources markets and trade route between all emerging powers creates conflict between them Balance of Power Competing on this but also sibling rivalry Imperialism idea and need for power conflict between powers o Nationalism begins to grow because of the need to PROVE how great you are imperialism wise internal birth of nationalism we are the best people we have the answer problem with empires covers a fast region which brings diversity macro nationalism within globe macro micro nationalism within empires creates tension stress eventually leads to tragedy Ethnic nationalism Austro Hungary Several diversity groups each has its own nationalist movement o France Russia Armenian Genocide Result of nationalism Turks blame Armenians and massacre them Militarism growth of military power arms race each nation begins to build larger forces power that are used in conflict rises from bottom to top Russo Japanese War 1904 1905 Balkan Conflicts Regional conflicts increase until WWI until all regional conflicts explode into WWI Arms Race Massive arsenals specifically navies built British HMS Dreadnought USS Texas Weapons become more and more devastating Germans focus on submarines War Plans France Plan XVII Designed to take back Aus Aus Lorraine push Germans back Germany Schlieffen Plan Know about plan 17 3 smaller armies Occupy France sweap throught NeatherLux Germ France Lux attack France all in 6 weeks operational plan 3 attack US today we have defense plans with offensive components these are examples of purely offensive plans o amateurs talk tactics professionals talk logistics Alliances strategic alliances developed over 100 years become question of pride and web of alliances 1839 Treaty of London Britain Belgium England Protect Belgian neutrality Schlieffen plan goes through Belgium England will protect Germany thinks England will ignore but Nationalism gets in the way and they do 1879 Dual Alliance Germany A H 1904 Entente Cordial Britain France Russia Protection against Russia moral obligation Major belligerents of WWI The Entente Powers Britain France Russia the good guys Japan 1914 Italy 1915 United States 1917 The Central Powers Germany Austro Hungary the bad guys Ottoman Empire Bulgaria 1915 Problem is these big countries have alliances with little countries and the LC s are drug in because of alliance network Outbreak of War o Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria Hungary Serbian Black Hand anarchist group murders Ferdinand and wife Sophie Had an elaborate plan went wrong simple pistol shot on coincidence kills them o Declarations of War Austria says let us investigate or we will declare war Serbia says no Austria declares war then Serbia declares war on Austria Could have been a regional conflict but because of alliances everyone almost literally is drug in o First truly global war Western Front Mobilization Belgium Battle of the Marne Put soldiers in taxis to transport them out and French are able to stop even push back Germans because of logistical nightmare supply shortage etc miracle at the Marne o Race to the Sea French push Germans back to 2 months of French Germans dancing around each other all the way to the North sea trench digging to become the front line of the war entrenchment of soldiers that kill millions without any true progress because of inability to move ypers last mobile battle until 1918 war becomes stagnant once entrenchment happens Changing face of war o Trench Warfare Essentially ditches help keep low profile and avoid line of fire Zigzag pattern allows men to be in overlapping fire position and mitigates disastrous artillery explosions limits collateral damage Germans build solid permanent structures steel French build less permanent concrete bags No man s land where there aren t any trenches between trenches o Technology Razor wire Machine Guns Water canister urine to cool the barrel and allow longer fire Artillery Trench Mortars Ship artillery Trench mortar timer showers the area with thousands of bullets Flamethrowers Both stationary and carried Tanks Battle of the Sahn first use of tanks Helps cross No Mans Land Artillery fire sucks Flight Dogfighting Direct targeting Pilots rockstars Poison Gas starts in WWI tear gas uneffective 2 nd battle of Yper is when its first seen 1925 world comes together to decide that poison gas would never be used again Chlorine first gas Steals oxygen out of lungs suffocates Easier to stop bc large molecule Mustard gas Attacks interally and externally burns skin welps Gas masks Developed o o Casualties Most died from trench conditions Trenchfoot and mouth soft material etc Major medical advances Shellshock PTSD ID d and finally began to be treated War Animals Brought into battlefields Used to smell gas and etc Horses suffer the most 8 million Mostly bc worked to death not in battle Sgt Stubby Alerted to at least 3 gas attacks at least 2 3 german sneak attacks most decorated war dog ever Rin Tin Tin is forerunner of Lassie etc smart dogs went with Mass reg comes back to start movie star career o o Service animals started with WWI animals Christmas Truce 1914 Against orders they refuse to fight call truce for day Exchange pleasantries in no mans land Pvt Henry Tandey Refuses to kill a wounded or unarmed man Becomes ledgend Nearly killed Hitler but realized he was unarmed on bike Struggles for the rest of his life because he thinks the holocaust is his fault Western Front Battles o Battle of Ypres Ieper Salient transportation trade hub gives access to BenteLux France England First Battle of Ypres Oct Nov 1914 Allied Victory Last mobile battle until 1918 Casualties About 160K on Central Pwr 150K on Entente Brit French Belgium hold Ypers and continuous fire for next 4 yrs HELP Architecture is coming in now bc of the gotchic cathedral oh no gtggtgtggtggtg Second Battle of Ypres April May 1915 First use of poison gas on the Western Front by Germans Stalemate 110K casualties b t both sides Third Battle of Ypres Battle of Passendaele July Nov 1917 Symbolic of