Movement-Slide 2Basal GangliaSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11SummarySlide 13Brain-Machine InterfacesMovement-•What areas of the brain do we use to plan motor movements?•How do the basal ganglia modify motor plans and help us learn?•How does the cerebellum modify motor plans and help us learn?Planning Movements- SMA, PMA, and prefrontal cortexBasal GangliaBasal Ganglia-3D ViewBGThBasal Ganglia-inputs and outputsBasal Ganglia-internal circuitryIn Huntington’s disease, neurons of the globus pallidus selectively die off. What effect does this have on movement?a) Movement is overly inhibited and it is harder to initiate movement. b) Movement is uninhibited and thus you get random movements. c) Movement becomes uncoordinated.In Parkinson’s, neurons of the substantia nigra selectively die off. What effect does this have on movement?a) Movement is overly inhibited and it is harder to initiate movement.b) Movement is uninhibited and thus you get random movements.c) Movement becomes uncoordinated.Why is L-dopa, the precursor for dopamine, used to treat Parkinson’s disease?a) The neurons of the prefrontal cortex use dopamine as a neurotransmitterb) The neurons of the substantia nigra use dopamine as a neurotransmitterc) The neurons of the putamen use dopamine as a neurotransmitterCbThCerebellumCerebellumSummary•Prefrontal cortex plans an action/behavior and sends that info to the SMA/PMA and the basal ganglia•SMA and PMA hold on to the planned movements needed to complete that action and send those commands to the primary motor cortex with the help from the basal ganglia•Primary motor cortex neurons receive input from SMA and PMA as well as cerebellum and send the motor command to the alpha (and gamma!) motor neuronsSummaryBrain-Machine
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