Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Movement- CNS ControlSlide 5Movement- CNS ControlSlide 7What is the neuron’s preferred direction?Population Coding-Movement- CNS ControlSlide 11SummaryBrain-Machine InterfacesWhat would happen if the upper motor neurons only innervated the gamma motor neurons?a) The muscle would not contract and the muscle spindle would be inactiveb) The muscle spindle would be activated, but there would not be muscle contractionc) The muscle spindle would be activated and there would be muscle contraction.Countdown10What would happen if your spinal cord was cut along the dashed line shown below and then you stepped on a piece of broken glass?a) You would fallb) You would react to the pain but not consciously perceive itc) You would not lift your foot but you would feel paind) You would neither lift your foot nor feel painCountdown10Movement- CNS Control•What path do the upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex take to reach the motor neurons in the ventral horn?•How does the primary motor cortex code for movements?•What areas of the brain do we use to plan motor movements?Corticospinal TractMovement- CNS Control•What path do the upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex take to reach the motor neurons in the ventral horn?•How does the primary motor cortex code for movements?•What areas of the brain do we use to plan motor movements?Determining a primary motor cortex neuron’s preferred direction:Arm Movement Response (rate of APs)What is the neuron’s preferred direction?a) 90ob) 135oc) 18Ood) 225oe) 270of) 315og) 0oh) 45oCountdown10Direction of Movement:Neuron’s preferred direction Response (rate of APs)Population Coding-Neuron 1:Neuron 2:Neuron 3:Neuron 4:Movement- CNS Control•What path do the upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex take to reach the motor neurons in the ventral horn?•How does the primary motor cortex code for movements?•What areas of the brain do we use to plan motor movements?Summary•Prefrontal cortex plans an action/behavior•SMA and PMA hold on to the planned movements needed to complete that action•Primary motor cortex neurons fire according to their preferred direction and send the motor command to the alpha (and gamma!) motor neuronsBrain-Machine
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