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UT Arlington HIST 1311 - Final Exam Study Guide

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HIST 1311 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 17 - 26Time Line of Trigger Events- 1820 | The Missouri Compromise- 1831 | Nat Turner’s Rebellion- 1850 | The Compromise of 1850- 1852 | Uncle Tom’s Cabin- 1854 - 1861 | Bleeding Kansas- 1857 | Dred Scott v. Sanford- 1859 | John Brown’s Raid- 1860 | Abraham Lincoln’s Election- 1861 | The Battle of Fort SumterNOTE: All of these events lead to the American Civil War.American Civil War: A Second Revolution The American Civil War, widely known in the United States as simply the Civil War as well as other sectional names, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy.Phases of the War A. Conciliatory Policy was enacted when the Union still felt that the war would end quickly and the South would enter back into the Union quickly. Because of this, conciliation was a policy that was very soft on the South. Southerners were not harmed and their properties were alsonot messed with. Once the Union realized that the war would not end as quickly as they had hoped, another policy was enacted.- Western Theater; Guerrilla Warfare, and Quantrill's Raiders B. Pragmatic Policy This policy, pragmatism, began to target Southern citizens that were deemed to be helping the Confederacy on the battlefield. As the war continued to go on, the Union again needed to change policy.-emancipation C. Hard-war Policy The third and final policy was the harshest, and Grimsley spends most of book talking about this. This hard-war policy was deemed to be a total war mentality. The Union felt that this was the only way that the war would end in a timely manner. This hard-war was meant to crush the morale of the Confederacy. One of the main tenets of the hard-war policy was the devastation of Southern property. Union generals and their soldiers burned and destroyed Southern property. They would also take slaves away from the South citizenry. A good example of this policy in action was what General Sherman was doing to the Southern countryside. As he reported to General Grant, “We are absolutely stripping the country of corn, hogs, sheep, poultry, everything, and the new-growing corn is being thrown open as pasture fields or hauled for the use of our animals” (p. 159). Hard-war was a necessary evil to win the Civil War.War Ends: In an event that is generally regarded as marking the end of the Civil War, Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith, commander of Confederate forces west of the Mississippi, signs the surrender terms offered by Union negotiators. With Smith’s surrender, the last Confederate army ceased to exist, bringing a formal end to the bloodiest four years in U.S. history.1. Bellicose (war hungry) Congressmen, including _______ (founder of the "American System") and _______ (author of the "South Carolina Exposition and Protest") wanted to preserve the might and dignity of the United States against British incursions on American neutral shipping. CORRECT: Henry Clay; Calhoun 1. Reform-minded James Oglethorpe was responsible for the founding of _______. CORRECT: Georgia 1. The foreign policy initiative calling for an end to all European colonization efforts in the Western Hemisphere was known as the ________. CORRECT: monroe doctrine 1. The economic idea known as ______ motivated the English to colonize North America. CORRECT: mercantilism 1. Collective laws known as ___________ attempted to retain all English trade within the English Empire. CORRECT: Navigation Act 1. The ___________ of 1766 reinforced the notion of "Parliamentary Sovereignty". CORRECT: Declaratory Act 1. The ________ of Virginia, established during the 1650s, allotted land for settlers in Virginia, but also reinforced the system of indentured servitude. CORRECT: Headright System1. The idea of ________ was introduced with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. CORRECT: nullification 1. The ascent of King Charles II in England in 1660, is also known as __________. CORRECT: The Restoration 1. The creation of the Bank of the United States was based on the constitutional notion of _______. CORRECT: implied powers 1. Chief Justice John Marshall believed in ______, which gave the power to the U.S. Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of federal legislation. CORRECT: judicial review 1. The _________ of 1787, defined the process by which a territory became a state. CORRECT: Northwest ordinance 1. The papal bulls (or edicts), known as the __________, divided the world betweenthe Catholic empires of Spain and Portugal. CORRECT: Treaty of Tordesillas 1. As a result of the Judiciary Act of 1801, President John Adams and his Secretary of State John Marshall perpetrated a court-packing scheme known as the _______. CORRECT: midnight judges 1. The strong-willed man most responsible for leading England to victory in the Seven Years' War was _________. CORRECT: William Pitt 1. The most spectacular engineering achievement of the young United States was the _______. CORRECT: erie canal 1. According to most historians and anthropologists, Amerindian groups' ancestors crossed into the Americas at __________. CORRECT: Beringia 1. The _______ Treaty made Florida a US Territory. CORRECT: Adams Onis 1. The concept of _________ best explains the political relationship between England and its North American colonies from approximately in the 1650s to 1760s. CORRECT: Salutary Neglect 1. President Jefferson used the conflict with the ________ to justify increased naval armaments. CORRECT: barbary


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