HIST 1311 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture - Colonial Crisis- American Revolution Outline of Current Lecture - American Revolution Current LectureB. State constitutions C. Model of Massachusetts 1. bicameral-2 house structure 2. Senate and house 3. governor 4. “We the people”: democracy- they can vote (direct representation) . Republicanism-indirect representation. 3. National Level 1. Background 2. Congress and the articles of confederation- northwest ordinance. Unity is a major theme. 1. limitation: 2. unicameral 3. central government 4. one state- one vote 5. trade 6. taxation 7. capital2. Key events and acts - Northwest ordinance- ability or regulate land. So they can regulate expansion. Attempt to stop disputes between colonies that are claiming the same land. Source of revenue. Land sales funded the government on a national level. How do they deal with foreign relations? They are currently in an economic depression. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Background- government is weak. Cannot tax, each individual colony had its own currency so they can't tax. No budget for military. No national court system. No commander and chief. 2. land division 3. Political structures-militias are state troops. Problem to get them to step up to help. Foreign relations 4. Britain 5. Spain- French are bankrupt. Spain got all of Louisiana. Port cities have a problem because the port cities are not the middle men. John Jay suggested trading with Spanish. Shays' rebellion 6. sig.- James Madison. 1786. Debtors revolt in mass. 20% involved. Basically when demand went down they continue to produce but on loans. Jan shay burned records that they have debt. Militias won't react. Recognized a need for national military, funded by national taxes, headed by the nation. Anti-central govt. CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM. All about property. Ended up in Philadelphia. So they meet secretly and dress warm, in the hot. Philadelphia conventions - Met to reform the articles. Currently under the articles, 1 states =1 vote. To pass legislation it has to be unanimous. -Madison had a radical plan. Virginia plan. - it is the biggest so he wants rep based on population. Including slave population. Bicameral leg, where the upper house is selected by lower house. Lower house is white, landholders. Once these people are elected by other white landholders. They then meet and choose the upper house. They will basically chose the same kind of people. A strong executive. Asking for a president that is confirmed by Senate oversight. Property owner-> lower->upper->president. This is democracy to Madison. National judiciary. -William Paterson- new jersey- Conservative response. Small state so he wants the states to have the same representation. Wants to keep legislature one house. Democratically appointed. A Congress that can regulate trade and implement national taxation.Rhode Island had a problem with this. Connecticut compromise Committee formed to compromise. This was leaded by Roger. Ben Franklin was the one who got things done. Choose a bicameral legislature. The lower house is elected by population. The upper house is the Senate and is selected by state leg. Virginia still benefits the most. The 3/5s compromise. Benefits Virginia again. Agree to disagree and not speak of slaves for 20 years. Not until 1808. Fugitive slave clause- must return runaway slave. Reaction of the south because of northwest ordinance because it bans slavery. Cotton amplified the growth of slavery. Ratification processCommittee of detail will put finishing touches on the draft. Strong executive with a president. He can veto legislation. Checks and balances. Electoral College. Still the property owner that are voting. Philadelphia conventions Federalists- Alexander Ham, Madison, John Jay. Wealthy, self-made. Anti-federalists- doesn't mention property and civil