HIST 1311 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 17 26 Time Line of Trigger Events 1820 1831 1850 1852 1854 1857 1859 1860 1861 The Missouri Compromise Nat Turner s Rebellion The Compromise of 1850 Uncle Tom s Cabin 1861 Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott v Sanford John Brown s Raid Abraham Lincoln s Election The Battle of Fort Sumter NOTE All of these events lead to the American Civil War American Civil War A Second Revolution The American Civil War widely known in the United States as simply the Civil War as well as other sectional names was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy Phases of the War A Conciliatory Policy was enacted when the Union still felt that the war would end quickly and the South would enter back into the Union quickly Because of this conciliation was a policy that was very soft on the South Southerners were not harmed and their properties were also not messed with Once the Union realized that the war would not end as quickly as they had hoped another policy was enacted Western Theater Guerrilla Warfare and Quantrill s Raiders B Pragmatic Policy This policy pragmatism began to target Southern citizens that were deemed to be helping the Confederacy on the battlefield As the war continued to go on the Union again needed to change policy emancipation C Hard war Policy The third and final policy was the harshest and Grimsley spends most of book talking about this This hard war policy was deemed to be a total war mentality The Union felt that this was the only way that the war would end in a timely manner This hard war was meant to crush the morale of the Confederacy One of the main tenets of the hard war policy was the devastation of Southern property Union generals and their soldiers burned and destroyed Southern property They would also take slaves away from the South citizenry A good example of this policy in action was what General Sherman was doing to the Southern countryside As he reported to General Grant We are absolutely stripping the country of corn hogs sheep poultry everything and the new growing corn is being thrown open as pasture fields or hauled for the use of our animals p 159 Hard war was a necessary evil to win the Civil War War Ends In an event that is generally regarded as marking the end of the Civil War Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith commander of Confederate forces west of the Mississippi signs the surrender terms offered by Union negotiators With Smith s surrender the last Confederate army ceased to exist bringing a formal end to the bloodiest four years in U S history 1 Bellicose war hungry Congressmen including founder of the American System and author of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest wanted to preserve the might and dignity of the United States against British incursions on American neutral shipping CORRECT Henry Clay Calhoun 1 Reform minded James Oglethorpe was responsible for the founding of CORRECT Georgia 1 The foreign policy initiative calling for an end to all European colonization efforts in the Western Hemisphere was known as the CORRECT monroe doctrine 1 The economic idea known as motivated the English to colonize North America CORRECT mercantilism 1 Collective laws known as attempted to retain all English trade within the English Empire CORRECT Navigation Act 1 The of 1766 reinforced the notion of Parliamentary Sovereignty CORRECT Declaratory Act 1 The of Virginia established during the 1650s allotted land for settlers in Virginia but also reinforced the system of indentured servitude CORRECT Headright System 1 Resolutions The idea of was introduced with the Virginia and Kentucky CORRECT nullification The ascent of King Charles II in England in 1660 is also known as CORRECT The Restoration 1 The creation of the Bank of the United States was based on the constitutional notion of CORRECT implied powers 1 Chief Justice John Marshall believed in which gave the power to the U S Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of federal legislation CORRECT judicial review 1 The of 1787 defined the process by which a territory became a state CORRECT Northwest ordinance 1 The papal bulls or edicts known as the divided the world between the Catholic empires of Spain and Portugal CORRECT Treaty of Tordesillas 1 As a result of the Judiciary Act of 1801 President John Adams and his Secretary of State John Marshall perpetrated a court packing scheme known as the CORRECT midnight judges 1 The strong willed man most responsible for leading England to victory in the Seven Years War was CORRECT William Pitt 1 The most spectacular engineering achievement of the young United States was the CORRECT erie canal 1 According to most historians and anthropologists Amerindian groups ancestors crossed into the Americas at CORRECT Beringia 1 The Treaty made Florida a US Territory CORRECT Adams Onis 1 The concept of best explains the political relationship between England and its North American colonies from approximately in the 1650s to 1760s CORRECT Salutary Neglect 1 President Jefferson used the conflict with the to justify increased naval armaments CORRECT barbary pirates 1