1 I nn r t A L PHYSIOLOGY 4521552 EXAMINATION 2 Fridal March 8 2002 INSTRUCTIONS This examination consists of25 multiplechoicequestions Pleaseprint your and 8 DIGIT UB PERSON NUMBER clea y on the answer sheet Fill in corresponding circleson theanswersheet Pleasemarkyour answers carefullyon theanswersheetwith a 2 pencil IMPORTANT NOTE IF YOU ERASE DO SO COMPLETELY Thercis only ouebestatrswerfor eachquestion This examconsistsof pages includingthis pageanda critiqueforrn Thereare25 questions Pleasecheckthatyour copyhasall pages A11questionscarry equalweight readthe questiodscarcfully You may keeptheexamination for study Answers will be postedat the endofthe exam in the glasscasenearSherman102 Be suleto makea list ofyour answersbefore leavingtheexamroomsothatyoucangradeyourselfonthis exam Ifyou believethata questionis ambiguous or incorrectlykeyed pleasesubmityour commentsON THE ATTACHED E LAMINATION CRITIOUE FORM and submit it to the instructor at the next reeularlvscheduledclass Be sureto legiblysisn yqq q449 on the form asthesewill be retum dto you at a later date CHEATING ON EXAMS In ar efforl to decreasethe temptationto cheat on hourly and frnal examswe ask that you follow the procedureslistedbelow 1 Keep your answer sheet covered except when adding an anslver 2 When creatingyoul own list of answersto check againstthe key pleasewnte small ard be as discreteas possible L Please infom one of the instructois as soon as rossible if you susp ci someone is cheating Your commentswill be kept confidential 4 Remember that accordingto University poiicy a pe on sivins arswerc is equally as guiity as a pe on receividg answels 5 The uitimate penaltyfor cheatingis dismissalftom the University ForQuestions 1 10 Chooseanswer A if theCnlilcstatement is TRUEans answer B il anvoartof thestatement is False i1 1 Pulmonary capillary endothelial cellscanactivatesubstances suchas angiotensin I byconverting itto angiotensin ll aswellas inactivate substances suchas bradykinin 2 Complete transection ofthespinalcordat thetwelfththoracic vertebrae willcompletely abolishallactiveexpjratory muscleactivity 3 A person s age sexandheightallareusedto determine whetherhis her lungvolumes arenormalor abnormal I 1 A decrease in expiratory musclestrength an increase in airwayresjstance anda deelease in lungcompliance areallfactorsthatcanleadto a decrease in FEV1 FVC tt ft h F lf lungcompliance decreases andchestwallcompliance remains the same thenFRCwiilincrease Surfactant isproduceo bypurmonary llpiii ySnjdiieriar c rrsananerps b to stabilize thelungby equalizing surfacetensionin atveotiwithdifferent diameters a L 2 l t7 Theventilation perfusion ratiolVVd is tessat thetopof thelungthanat thebottom L a Duringexercise theDLo2ot thelungincreases becausethesurfacearea of boththealveoliandthepulmonary capillaries increases 1 e Carbondioxideandwaterareconverted to carbonicacid H2CO3 very rapidlyin thebloodplasmaby carbonicanhydrase v 10 A decrease in boththe numberof pulmonary capillaries andthepAo2may leadto pulmonary hypertension anincreasein pulmonary vascular pressure in an individual withemphysema Thediagram belowshows2 distinctoxygensaturation curves Choosepoints designatedA Eto anawerquestlons 11 13 Youmayuseeachpointmore thanonc or notat all 100 E 75 9 7l E o E so o t t rq a s Po2 mmHg Thispointwouldrepresentthe saturationof oxygenin the arterialbloodin a personlivingat highaltitude t ff I Thispointwouldrepresentthe saturatjonof oxygenin the Ve q blood that leavesexercisingskeletalmuscle A E Thispointwouldrepresentthe saturationof oxygenin the arterialbloodof anindividual withanemia wholives lsea u r t7ult t Hr r lr 4 L t 2 tt 1 r 1 1 t rtill curves Lungswereobtainedafterdeathtrom 3 individualsand iungcompliance weremeasuredas indicatedby the lettersA B and C below UseA B and C lo answerquestions1 16 Eachanswermay be usedmorethanonceor not n l 1 00 i F ct t 8 50 ru E eo 20 Pressure cm H2O fapidly wouldhavebeenbreathing Theindividual withthislungprobably t f ands hal l ow l y V r u 7 The individualwiththis lungmayhavehad respiratorydistresssyndrome due to insutficient surfactant h hada FRCthatwasgreaterthan Theindividual withthislungprobably normal v ChoosetheoneBESTanswerforquestions 17 25 17 In theconducting zoneairways a stimulation of p receptorscausessmoothmusclerelaxationT b blockadeof muscarinicreceptorsEay causesmoothmuscle relaxationT c mucussecretion romthe subepithelial glandsis reguiated only parasympathetic by the nervous system F d only a andb aretrue E a b andc aretrue 18 In a patientwith moderateto severeemphysema whichoi the iollowing wouldyounq expect a an increasein residualvolume i bJ a decreasein the FEV1iFVCratio i an increasein airwayresistance d a decreasein the DLo y e a decreasein pulmonaryvascularresistance 19 In whichof the followingdiseaseswouldyou expectan increasein the workot breathing r r 1 t a Emphysema bI Asthma i l 6 Pulmonaryfibrosisl af d onlya andb aretrue e a b andc are true 20 Duringan inhalation in a normalindividual L a moreworkis requiredto overcomesurfacetensionthanthe elasticfibersof the lung 1 1 b the pleuralpressurebecomesniorenegative lhe internal intercostalmusclescontracrp I 1 A onty a ano b are true e a b andc aretrue 4 Whichol thelollowing statements is FALSF a At rest the alveoliat the top of the lungare lesscompliantthan thoseat theboltomT b Gravityaffectsthedi tribution of bothairitowandbtoodflow throughout thelungin thestanding positionf c Blockade oI airflowto a groupof alveoliwillcausealveolar dead trh r r r a s e T s pac eto In c r e d A decreasein pAo2may leadto hypoxicpulmonary vasoconstriclion f e Boththe bronchialand coronarycirculatjonscontributeto the normalanatomicshunt 22 Duringexercise a Pulmonarycapillariesare recruitedin orderto increaseDLozJ b The Cao2 Cvo2 differencedecreases c The rateof bloooflowthroughtne p ulmonary capillanes ooesu I notchange d r onlya and b are true e a b and c are true ta 23 Whichof the lollowingstatementsregardingthe transportof oxygen in the bodyis FALSE a Bothan increase in H andpco2willmakejt easierfor oxygen to dissociate fromhemoqlobin l b In carbonmonoxide pois oning boththe Cao2andthg saturation of hemoglobin will be lessthannormal r ct At an attitude of 15 OOO feet the 02 saturatron of arteria blood hemoglobin will be the Qame as at sea levelbutthe Cao2will be decreased F d Whenthe pAo2is 1OO mmHg eachmolecuie glhemoglobin witl bindto a miximumof 4 molecules of oxygen f e The Pdo2influencesboththe regulation