PHYSIOLOGY 452 552 EXAMINATION II Thursday March 31 2005 INSTRUCTIONS This examination consists of 35 multiple choice questions Please print your name and 8 digit UB person number clearly on the answer sheet Fill in corresponding circles on the answer sheet Please mark your answers carefully on the answer sheet with a 2 pencil IMPORTANT NOTE IF YOU ERASE DO SO COMPLETELY There is only one best answer for each question This exam consists of 7 pages including this cover page and 35 questions Please check that your copy has all pages All questions carry equal weight read the questions carefully You may keep the examination for study Answers will be posted as soon as possible on UBLearns Be sure to make a list of your answers before leaving the exam room so that you can grade yourself on this exam PLEASE TURN OFF ALL CELL PHONES CHEATING ON EXAMS In an effort to decrease the temptation to cheat on hourly and final exams we ask that you follow the procedures listed below 1 2 3 4 5 Keep your answer sheet covered except when adding an answer When creating your own list of answers to check against the key please write small and be as discrete as possible Please inform one of the instructors as soon as possible if you suspect someone is cheating Your comments will be kept confidential Remember that according to University policy a person giving answers is equally as guilty as a person receiving answers The ultimate penalty for cheating is dismissal from the University For questions 1 15 use answer A if the ENTIRE statement is TRUE and B if ANY PART of the statement is FALSE 1 The main reason that lung compliance is low in an individual with pulmonary fibrosis is because surface tension is increased 2 Surfactant stabilizes the lung by equalizing surface tension in alveoli with different diameters 3 The event that occurs immediately after the inspiratory muscles contract is entry of air into the lungs 4 Nasal oxygen therapy increased PIO2 will dramatically improve arterial oxygen content in an individual with anemia due to blood loss 5 Metabolic acidosis will cause an increase in alveolar ventilation by stimulation of the central chemoreceptors 6 During exercise the primary reason that oxygen consumption increases by up to 15 times greater than at rest is because the CaO2 increases markedly 7 Absorption occurs throughout the pulmonary capillary because the protein oncotic pressure in the blood is greater than the blood hydrostatic pressure 8 During inspiration in the normal lung more work is required to overcome surface tension than the elastic fibers of the lung 9 An individual with emphysema has difficulty expiring due to the loss of elastic recoil pressure of the lung and to an increase in airway resistance 10 A person with anemia due to decreased production of normal red blood cells will increase alveolar ventilation substantially to compensate for the decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood 11 Stimulation of the glomus cells in the carotid bodies inactivates K channels causing the cells to depolarize and release an excitatory neurotransmitter in response to calcium entry 12 Voluntary hyperventilation in a normal individual will decrease the drive to breathe primarily by increasing the PaO2 13 An increase in the PaCO2 will cause an increase in alveolar ventilation by directly stimulating the medullary chemoreceptors 1 14 For an equivalent decrease in the arterial content of O2 CaO2 carbon monoxide CO poisoning is more difficult to treat acutely than anemia because CO makes it much more difficult to dissociate O2 from hemoglobin 15 During inspiration in the standing position most air goes to the middle and lower regions of the lung because they are more compliant than regions at the top of the lung For questions 16 35 choose the ONE BEST answer from the list provided 16 In a person with pulmonary disease that involves the alveolar capillary membrane the MOST likely indication that diffusion across this membrane is compromised is a b c d e an increase in PaO2 a decrease in PaO2 an increase in PaCO2 a decrease in PaCO2 equal increases in PaO2 and PaCO2 17 The O2 content of arterial blood CaO2 in an individual living at an altitude of 10 000 feet for 6 months will be that in an individual who has resided at sea level for 6 months a b c d greater than less than equal to there is not enough information to answer this question 18 Given the following measurements the oxygen consumption in ml min of an individual will be Stroke volume 100ml heart rate 100 beats min CaO2 20 volumes CvO2 10 volumes Volumes ml of O2 per 100 ml of blood You do NOT need a calculator for this problem a b c d e 100 500 1 000 5 000 10 000 2 19 A man was in an automobile accident and his spinal cord was severed He was able to inspire and expire without much difficulty at rest However his inspiratory reserve volume IRV was less than normal and he could not cough His spinal cord was MOST likely severed at which level a b c d C3 C7 T12 L4 20 Which of the following could cause an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance a b c d e left heart failure a decrease in PAO2 a large decrease in the number of pulmonary capillaries only a b are true a b and c are true 21 The PaO2 of a patient is found to be less than normal Which of the following could cause this condition a b c d e shunt thickening of the alveolar capillary membrane anemia due to decreased production of red blood cells only a b are true a b and c are true 22 The diffusing capacity of the lung for O2 increases during exercise in a normal individual because the a b c d e alveolar surface area increases PvO2 decreases alveolar capillary membrane becomes thinner only a b are true a b and c are true 23 The diffusing capacity of the lung for O2 in a person with emphysema may be less than normal because a b c d e of the loss of alveolar septae pulmonary edema may be present the lung is less compliant than normal only a b are true a b and c are true 3 24 Which of the following would you expect NOT to see in a person with advanced emphysema a b c d e pulmonary edema a decrease in PaO2 shunt an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance normal right heart function and dimensions 25 Which of the following assist in the forced expiration from total lung capacity a b c d e abdominal muscles internal intercostal muscles lung recoil pressure only a b are true a b and c are true 26 Alveolar ventilation a is wasted ventilation b equals the body weight in pounds c decreases