Choose the one BEST answer for questions 1 20 1 Which of the following will increase blood flow perfusion through the lung A A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance PVR B An increase in the arterial to venous pressure gradient P C An increase in cardiac output D Only A B are true E A B C are true 2 In a person with emphysema A RV increases because of an increase in lung compliance B RV increases due to flow limitation that causes air trapping C FRC increases because of an increase in lung recoil pressure D Only A B are true E A B C are true 3 The parasympathetic nervous system A Utilizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine B Activation causes airway dilation C Activation causes blood vessel dilation D Activation inhibits glandular secretion E A C are true 4 In a person whose spinal cord is severed cut at the level of T7 A inspiration will be completely normal B the ability to forcefully exhale will be increased C the ability to cough will be decreased D Only A B are true 5 In a person with pulmonary fibrosis A expired ventilation V E must increase in order to maintain normal alveolar ventilation V A B diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar capillary membrane decreases C has a decreased compliance of the lung A Only A B are true B A B C are true 6 In a person with a pulmonary embolism A alveolar dead space decreases B the V A Q ratio increases C the PVR decreases D Only A B are true A A B C are true Type equation here 7 The PAO2 is less than the P102 Inspired partial pressure of oxygen because A water vapor pressure increases during inspiration B oxygen is constantly diffusing into the pulmonary capillaries C the atmospheric pressure only affects PAO2 D Only A B are true E A B C are true 8 Pa02 will be less than normal if A alveolar ventilation increases B alveolar dead space increases C shunt decreases D diffusion distance decreases E capillary transit time increases 9 Which of the following statements is TRUE in the conducting zone airways A The sol layer is maintained by the movement of ions and fluid across the apical membrane of type II epithelial cells B Airway smooth muscle contracts when acetylcholine is released from parasympathetic neurons C Type II epithelial cells secrete surfactant D Gas exchange occurs in these airways E Prolonged cigarette smoking decreases movement of the cilia and causes a decrease in the number of goblet cells 10 The overall V A Q ratio of the lung can be increased by A decreasing alveolar dead space B increasing the amount of extrapulmonary shunt C moving from the lying down to standing position D Only A B are true E Only A B C are true 11 Which of the following statements is FALSE with regard to the diffusion of 02 across the alveolar capillary membrane A At rest most of the diffusion occurs within the first one third of the pulmonary capillary B During exercise DLO2 increases due to recruitment of pulmonary capillaries C The DLO2 is greater in a newborn than an adult D The DLO2 will increase if the P I02 increases E If a person has a lung removed their DLO2 will decrease 12 The partial pressure of 02 in the systemic veins is A equal to 40 mmHg in a normal individual B less than 40 mmHg in a person exercising C greater than 40 mmHg if a person has cyanide poisoning histotoxic hypoxia prevent utilization of oxygen by the cells D Only A B are true E A B C are true 13 Which of the following will increase the 02 carrying capacity of hemoglobin in arterial blood A A increase in the P02 B A decrease in the P co2 C A decrease in the H D A decrease in temperature E All of the above are true 14 As blood moves through the systemic capillaries which answer is NOT true A The HCO 3 decreases B The amount of dissolved CO2 increases C The amount of Hbco 2 increases D Only A B are NOT true E A B C are NOT true 15 In a person with emphysema an increase in the PI02 may cause all of the following EXCEPT A A decrease in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction B An increase in the Pao 2 C An increase in the D LO2 D An increase in the number of alveoli E A decreased thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane 16 In a normal individual at sea level all of the following occur during exercise A recruitment of pulmonary capillaries B a decrease in the surface area of the alveoli C a marked increase in the Ca O2 D a decrease in the P50 E a decrease in the D LO2 5 17 After prolonged weeks exposure to high altitude A the Cao2 returns toward normal B the Hb decreases A 02 saturation of hemoglobin returns to normal C Only A B are true B A B C are true 18 Erythropoetin A increases due to a decrease in the PAco2 B increases the number of red blood cells C increases the amount of dissolved 02 D decreases the production of hemoglobin E A B C are true 19 CO poisoning A forces C02 off of Hb B requires a large increase in P02 80 mmHg to dissociate just one molecule of 02 from hemoglobin C can be treated in a hyperbaric chamber D shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right E refers to the retention of carbon dioxide due to the impaired diffusion of carbon dioxide 20 Which of the following statements regarding O2 transport is FALSE A O2 dissociates from hemoglobin as blood passes through the systemic capillaries B Most of the oxyhemoglobin is formed in the pulmonary capillaries C Blood pH decreases as blood moves through the systemic capillaries which decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen D 2 of transported oxygen is dissolved in plasma E Increasing fraction of inspired oxygen F I02 proportionately increase the Ca 02 21 Given the following information calculate the dead space ventilation D in L min IC 3L IRV 2L TLC 6L E 10L min body weight 200 1bs VD 200ml A 1L min B 2L min C 3 L min E 6 L min 22 The pressure of the chest wall PCW is equal and opposite to the pressure of the lung PL at what point in a normal respiratory breath A at TLC B at end inspiration C at FRC D at end expiration E C D are true 23 Which individual has the greatest PAO2 A An individual in Denver at Patm 600mmHg B An individual in who is diving at 33ft 1 atm under water at sea level C An individual who is breathing an FIO2 of 50 at sea level D An individual who is breathing an FIO2 of 50 in Denver E An individual who is breathing an FIO2 of 10 at 66ft underwater at sea level 24 In a …