KIN 3306 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. ObjectivesII. Why Use Supplements?III. Ergogenic Aids IntroductionIV. Researching Ergogenic AidsV. Randomized, Controlled TrialVI. Illegal Substance ListVII. Pharmacological Agents: SympathomimeticsVIII. Pharmacological Agents: Beta-BlockersIX. Pharmacological Agents: CaffeineX. Hormonal Agents: Anabolic SteroidsXI. Hormonal Agents: Andro, DHEAXII. Hormonal Agents: Human Growth HormoneXIII. Physiological AgentsXIV. Physiological Agents: Blood DopingXV. Physiological Agents: EPOXVI. Physiological Agents: O2 SupplementationXVII. Physiological Agents: Bicarbonate LoadingOutline of Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Nutritional Agents: Amino AcidII. Nutritional Agents: L-CarnitineIII. Nutritional Agents: CreatineIV. Nutritional Agents: CreatineV. Nutritional Agents: Contamination of SupplementsCurrent LectureI. Nutritional Agents: Amino Acida. L-tryptophani. Proposed effects: analgesic, delays fatigueii. Proven effects: no improvementb. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)i. Proposed effects: delay fatigueii. Study showed no effect from BCAAsiii. May promote recovery/decrease muscle damagec. Note: Nutritional agents are like supplements. BCAA’s say it will delay fatigue so you can train longer and harder but studies don’t show great results in the fatigue area. BCAA’s are not that valuable but there is new research saying there is a recovery effect.II. Nutritional Agents: L-Carnitinea. Proposed benefits of L-carnitinei. Enhanced fatty acid oxidationii. Glycogen sparingb. Proven effects of L-carnitinei. Conflicting resultsii. Most findings negativec. Note: L-carnitine is involved with fat metabolism. People believe that if you take bunch ofthese, you will burn fat. But the results don’t show great results. You don’t really need a supplement you just need consistency and training. Food will do the same thing as taking a whey protein shake after a workout. We often overestimate how much protein we need sometimes.III. Nutritional Agents: Creatinea. Creatinei. Widespread useii. Target: skeletal muscleb. Proposed benefits of creatinei. Increased muscle PCr contentii. Enhanced peak power production iii. Serves as buffer, helps regulate pH balanceiv. Enhanced oxidative metabolic pathwaysc. Note: Creatine is safe and legal. Proposed: We can get more creatine in the body to support the ATP-PC system. So, we will have more PCr to make ATP and that helps with anything that would use the ATP-PC system like power, strength, weight training. The primary idea is that we are taking creatine so that the ATP-PC system will work better and we can train harder but the reality is that if you eat meat, you will you will probably have plenty of PCr. What creatine does do is it makes you retain water in the muscle and that’s where we see the effect of what it is doing. A little bit of extra water in the muscleswill dilute the acid when you train so you can get more reps and those couple of reps over a period of time will make a difference in strength gains and size gains. So that’s probably the main value of creatine. For the ATP PC system, we don’t really know how much it effects that. It is probably the buffer effect that is making it beneficial. d. Note: People respond to creatine and some don’t, don’t really know why this is. When it does work, over the course of training, it can be beneficial but it has to be implemented with training.IV. Nutritional Agents: Creatinea. ACSM conclusions regarding creatingi. Enhances high-power-output activityii. Maximal strength not affectediii. With resistance training  strength gainsiv. Results do not live up to expectationsb. Creatine + exercise = Increase FFM, strengthc. May not improve performanced. Note: May not improve performance because you can’t take it right before an event. You would take it over the course of training.V. Nutritional Agents: Contamination of Supplementsa. Supplement marketing and labelingb. Purity of supplements and accuracy of supplement labelsc. Contamination with banned substancesd. Note: There are a lot of recalls. There is nothing that will make that much of a difference.If you train hard and eat right consistently, you should be good.e. Note: Beta blockers might be prescribed by a doctor for hypertension but if used as an ergogenic aid, they block the SNS so you can stay calm. This is good for events that require a steady arm like a shooting or archery